Vliv materiálové skladby souboru textilií na jejich požárně technické charakteristiky

Abstract

The purpose of my diploma thesis was to create an overview of home textile materials and to analyze the requirements for their properties in terms of technical norms and legal regulations. Then i determine to selected fire-technical characteristics of tested textile samples, evaluate and discuss the results of laboratory tests in connection with fire safety. The results of laboratory tests according to ČSN EN ISO 6940 have shown that textiles with a lower PES or PE content have a shorter average ignition time. The longest average ignition time was 2.3 seconds with the Alabama fabric in the longitudinal direction, containing 100% PES. On the other hand, the shortest average ignition time of 0.9 seconds showed a Chelsea fabric in the longitudinal direction containing 80 % PES and 20 % CO. A significant difference between tested samples relative to the average ignition time occurred when testing the Chelsea fabric in the longitudinal direction after using Stopfire Special fire-stopping, which is used to reduce the flammability of the textilie materials. The average ignition time of this fabric was 3.88 seconds, which is about 3 seconds longer. All textile samples had an average ignition time less than 2.5 seconds, which means that it is a very short time to prevent the occurrence of a fire. Based on laboratory test results according to ČSN ISO 4589-2, the Alabama fabric showed the highest concentration of oxygen (OI = 30.4%). Other fabrics with the highest oxygen concentration are Chelsea and Lascal. On the contrary, Chelsea fabrics (OI = 17.6%) and Lascala (OI = 17.5%) showed the lowest indexes of the oxygen. As a result, the greater resistance to fire is characterized by the Alabama fabric with the highest oxygen index and the longest average ignition time. Chelsea fabric proved to be the most dangerous, because it belongs to one of the lowest indexes of the oxygen of all tested samples, and has the shortest average ignition time. To prevent the occurrence of home fire in connection with fire safety, I recommend the use the EUCAM - SYNTEX fire protection for synthetic fabrics and natural, synthetic mixed fabrics or EUCAM - Textiles of cellulose, cotton and jute fibers, which meets the requirements of DIN 4102 - B1 [11] belonging to the group of "Highly Flammable" elements. In case of fire, fire spray will cause the fabrics to create inert gases, charging the fabric, and thus will not spread the fire. Unlike combustion of the fabric without fire protection, no toxic gases or halogen substances are released in this reaction.