Hospodářství Itálie v kontextu politického systému První republiky

Abstract

The subject of interest of the bachelor thesis is the Italian economy in the context of the political system of the First Republic (1948–1994). Methodology of this thesis is based on the institutional economy assumption that the economic development is determined by social institutions. This bachelor thesis focuses on democratic political institutions (political system, electoral system and party system) and corruption, which are research areas of the new political economy. The aim of the thesis is to characterize impacts of the political system of the First Republic on the Italian economy and to identify specifics and anomalies of this political system. The method of descriptive analysis and historical method is used in this thesis. The case of the political system of the Italian First Republic in principle confirms the findings of the empirical literature of the new political economy. Almost pure proportional representation (PR) electoral system in the Italian parliament, frequent coalition governments always led by Christian Democracy and extensive corruption and clientelism led to weak economic outcomes and to rapid growth of Italian public debt.