Výzkum energetické využitelnosti kompostů.

Abstract

This PhD thesis examines the possibility of utilisation of composts which do not comply with the Decree 341/2008, and verifies their use in energy industry. Due to the limited possibilities of landfilling wastes with a high content of biodegradable components, arises a need to find alternative ways to process these wastes. One of the main technologies for utilization of biodegradable wastes is composting. The use of composting is, however, limited by many quantitative and qualitative parameters stated in the Decree 341/2008. Composts which do not comply with this Decree could be used in energy. The thesis presents the results of laboratory tests of composts. The compost for determination of energetic parameters was collected from different composting facilities in Moravo-silesian district. The composting plants were chosen according to the type of input raw material (sludge from WWTPs, biodegradable wastes, green wastes, wood residues, grass). For comparison of the carbon and nitrogen losses during composting was used the compost produced from grass collected from the research station Oseva Pro in Zubr and saw dust in laboratory scale with utilization of NatureMill equipment. Behaviour of main energetic parameters during wind rose composting was measured in locality Bruzovice, which belongs to Frydecka skládka (landfills). The possibility of slagging and fouling was observed through calculation of alcali index. The results demonstrated that the best energy parameters of burning are achieved with grasses that are harvested late, but the possibilities for slugging and fouling occured. To evaluate the composts for their use in energy industry, composts from the composting plant Bruzovice were used as well. In order to determine energy parameters, samples of both naturally aging composts and composts aging naturally without in the absence of rain were used. It was important to determine the suitable period of composting due to the loss of carbon in the composting process and the changes of the input major components (cellulose, lignine) to compound with lower calorific value (humic acids).