Využitelnost zdrojů vod v České republice k požárním účelům

Abstract

The work is focused on categorization of water sources in the cadastral territory of municipalities due to fire risk. Part of the work was the analysis of applicable regulations in the field of water resources intended for firefighting in relation to municipalities. Based on the analysis, it was stated that the current model, where the region determines and municipalities provide water sources, is dysfunctional and it is recommended that both obligations apply directly to municipalities without the intervention of the region. Within the analysis of individual types of water sources the most significant dangers were defined, which represent a real threat to fire sources for their firefighting and thus as a consequence of the threat to the given cadastral territory of the municipality. Part of this analysis was also an analysis of the use of treated wastewater as a source of water for firefighting. The results of the analysis prove that their use is possible in practice and does not contradict current requirements in terms of water quality. Based on the definition of the links between the municipality, the fire protection unit, the fire and the water, the current method of assessing the danger of the area was used to analyze the area coverage of the region by fire protection units. To create the categorization of water sources there we used statistical data on fires in the Czech Republic for the period 2006 to 2020. In order to maintain the coherence of the categorization of water sources in the area and the area coverage, which is derived from the determined degree of danger of the cadastral territory of the municipality there were analyzed only those fires that were conducted in the 1st degree of fire alarm. Descriptive statistical tools were used to determine specific categories of water sources (minimum available capacity requirements), namely the evaluation of a statistical set with one argument – water consumption. The evaluation was performed on the basis of methods of position characteristics, variability and hypothesis testing. The prerequisite for the evaluation was an effort to accumulate as many values from the set as possible, while maintaining consideration of the maximum extreme values occurring in the set without their exclusion, in order to avoid artificially influencing the characteristics position. The issue of extreme values was solved by applying the principles of construction of box graphs, on the basis of which a limit value was derived, the exceeding of which was considered as extreme. Final values for individual categories of water sources in connection with the given degree of danger of the cadastral territory of the municipality were examined at the position of P98 percentile. Hypothesis testing was used to evaluate the determined final values, using a one-sample t-test, which compared the determined final values from the basic set with the sample sets of individual regions. The results indicate an indirect relationship between the degree of danger of the cadastral area of the municipality and the required capacity of the water source to extinguish fires. The lower the degree of danger of the cadastral territory of the municipality, ie. small degree of danger, the greater need for available water source capacity to extinguish fires and vice versa.