Analýza možností využití poznatků dálkového průzkumu Země pro detekci přítomnosti uhlovodíků v horninovém prostředí.

Abstract

Thesis is focused on development of a procedure based on remote sensing technologies for the detection of probable occurrences of hydrocarbons, or the presence of possible contamination caused by hydrocarbon substances in the area of temperate Earth climate zone. Developed methodology was tested and verified using satellite imagery from two sites: Nesyt – Czech Republic and Santa Barbara – California, USA. In order to calibrate and validate the method, in-situ measurements were conducted in the location of natural hydrocarbon seepage in Korňa village (Slovak Republic) and at hydrocarbon deposit Nesyt near the city of Hodonín, a location with documented presence of old ecological hazards caused by insufficiently remediated and liquidated boreholes and production wells. The airborne and in-situ data from Santa Barbara were utilized as auxiliary data. Per-pixel algorithms for analysis of multi and hyperspectral Earth observation imagery were applied. Based on the analysis and tests of methods suitable for hydrocarbon occurrence detection, suitable methods for application in locations in Czech and Slovak Republic (spectral angle mapping SAM, calculations of hydrocarbon index and hydrocarbon detection, identification of the vegetation “stressed” by hydrocarbons) and for their implementation into the proposed procedure, were identified. Final procedure was developed and verified using satellite and airborne data for the territory of Santa Barbara site and afterwards applied on satellite imagery from Nesyt site. According to the achieved results it can be stated that methods for the detection of the occurrences of hydrocarbons using satellite imageries accompanied with the detailed description of theoretical background of algorithms applied were determined together with successful testing of the methods and creation of the procedure for detection of probable occurrences of hydrocarbons. Important thesis outcome is the successful establishment of a spectral library (database with calibration data) suitable for further application in data classification for identifying the occurrence of hydrocarbons. Based on the results of testing the remote sensing methods on Santa Barbara territory, the developed procedure was applied on Nesyt site, where possible contamination caused by hydrocarbons is assumed. The emphasis of the thesis is on the geological application of reflectance spectroscopy and multi/hyperspectral image analysis for the detection of probable occurrence of hydrocarbons. The practical outcome of the study is the possible integration of innovative methods into the procedures for hydrocarbon exploration activities. The application field lies in the detection of possible occurrences of oil contaminations in the vicinity of insufficiently remediated boreholes and wells, in the observation and analysis of hydrocarbon seepages, and it also contributes to the problem of detection and remediation of old ecological hazards in the areas of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.