Free-form optical element colour artifacts and their mitigation

Abstract

This master's thesis is focused on free-form (rotationally non-symmetrical) optical elements. In the theoretical section, the classification of optical surfaces and the interaction of light are clarified, and optics utilizing surface relief are examined. This part is essential for understanding the physical principles and phenomena occurring within optics. Furthermore, the manufacturing processes and applications of these elements are described. Lastly, the origin and description of color are addressed. The experimental section is built upon the theoretical foundation, specifically regarding the mitigation of undesirable color effects. Based on the acquired knowledge, a new approach to the design of the provided optical elements is proposed. This approach is based on the modification of the wave phase to reduce these effects. The designs of the optical elements are created using modern lithographic methods. The fabricated elements are subsequently subjected to tests on an optical bench to detect these artifacts. Using established methods, these color effects are analyzed and subsequently evaluated. The results provide a new perspective on addressing undesirable color phenomena in optics.