Zkoušení a hodnocení korozní odolnost vybraných kovových biomateriálů

Abstract

The object of this thesis aims to introduce the fundamental group of biomaterials, their primary use and to highlight both their advantages and their disadvantages. There are also discussed the properties of each of these groups and their primary use in the implantology in this thesis. The main attention is paid to the group of metallic biomaterials. It lists the basic distribution of metallic biomaterials and there are described its basic properties, manufacturing and application area of each group. Another part is focused on the degradation processes, which often leeds to damage of the biomaterials, with the greatest emphasis will be placed on the corrosion damage. There are the most common types of corrosion that occur in biomaterials, their causes and ultimate impact on the functionality of the application dicussed in this part. The practical parts is devoted to the study of the structure of selected biomaterials-based on stainless steels, titanium alloys and Ni-Ti alloys and evaluation of their corrosion properties. For this the laboratory methods and testing the properties in vivo is used. There were pitting and crevice corrosion resistance measured in the laboratory. The in vivo methods were used to measure quantity of metal ions (Ni2+, Cr3+, Ti4+) released into the body. The outcome of these measurements is overall evaluation of these biomaterials and assessment of their suitability for use.