Analýza termické aktivity na odvalech pro inženýrskogeologické účely

Abstract

Tailing dumps, as a legacy of mining of black coal within the Ostrava-Karvina Mining District, play a very significant role in terms of engineering geological zoning. Contrary to other geological environments they are susceptible to development of thermal activity which cause major difficulties with the reuse of such an anthropogenic formation. The areal extent as well as spreading of the thermal activity constitutes a substantial problem during the planning a project of a remediation of coal tailing dumps. Such a plan has to correspond with the intended final solution as a part of the land use planning. Without a thorough containment of the thermal activity it is impossible to further deal with the tailing dumps in any manner. This is preceded by a correct localisation and identification of the thermal activity within the body of the tailing dump. For this reason, an aerial thermographic imaging was used on the thermally active tailing dumps of Hermanice, Ema and Hedvika. A suitable method to interpret such obtained data was identified which subsequently offered a possibility to remediate the affected area. The reason for an aerial thermographic imaging is the ability to cover the entire affected area and to identify the thermally active parts. This thesis analyses a range of thermographic images obtained between 2011 and 2014 and by the use of a suitably selected synthesis it quantifies the thermic activity on the tailing dumps. It is evident from the synthesis of the thermographic images that the evaluation of the generated data is only possible when a correct correlation of the temperatures within the individual years is used. The results demonstrate that the first step in the remediation process is to delineate a boundary temperature which separate thermally active parts from the thermally inactive ones. This is at the cost of an exact definition of temperature maximums of the individual temperature intervals. However, in the context of the solution of the thermal activity with a subsequent remediation, the identification of exact temperature intervals is less critical. The main point is the fact that the results of the analysis and synthesis of the thermographic images constitute initial information about the localisation of the thermal activity within the body of the tailing dumps. This will then serve for a suitable placing of deep thermometric sensors or as a choice of a remedial method according to the aims and objectives of the project. In the context of the thesis was also elaborated the theory of the tailing dumps in terms of their types and reclamation. Within the rehabilitation of tailing dumps were described methods of deep soil mixing, grouting method, extinguishing activities with the help of water and CO2 and the possibility of excavation. Further described is reclaiming the tailing dumps with the definition phase of technical and biological. Within the of the natural conditions were described geomorphological, geological, engineering-geological conditions of the tailing dumps Ema, Hedvika and Hermanice. These tailing dumps were the subject of case studies. Additionally changes in the rocks caused by thermal metamorphism were described. This would be done by sampling and measurement using X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy.