Podpora malého a středního podnikání v Evropské unii

Abstract

The bachelor thesis focuses on the support of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union, which is a very important instrument for enhancing competitiveness and innovation within the internal market and economic policy of the European Union. The aim is to evaluate the impact of selected European Union programmes aimed at supporting SMEs and to propose recommendations for improving the effectiveness of these support instruments. The theoretical part defines the concept of SMEs in the European context and describes the main characteristics and obstacles these enterprises face that may hinder their development. It presents the main European Union instruments for SME support and also addresses public support, as well as the legislative and institutional framework for business support in the EU, including the role of the European Commission, the European Investment Bank, and other relevant bodies. The practical part focuses on a detailed analysis of Horizon Europe and the Single Market Programme, which are among the major instruments of the 2021-2027 programming period. It examines the extent of SME participation in these programmes and compares the approaches of selected Member States, particularly the Czech Republic and Germany. The analysis shows that while Western European countries achieve high success rates and draw significant funding, Central and Eastern European countries lag behind. The main causes include heavy administration, lack of awareness among entrepreneurs and a weaker tradition of international project cooperation. The methods used in the thesis include description, comparison, and analysis. Based on the findings, recommendations are formulated focusing on simplifying administrative processes, supporting advisory services, better informing the business sector about funding opportunities from EU programs, and improving cooperation between research institutions and businesses. In conclusion, the effective use of European Union support instruments for SMEs is essential not only for the growth of individual enterprises but also for strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of the European Union economy as a whole.