Analýza udržitelnosti vybraných aspektů u právní úpravy osobní důchodové daně v České republice

Abstract

This master's thesis analyzes selected aspects that influence the personal income tax in the Czech Republic and evaluates the current legal regulation of this tax. Understanding these aspects is important for the fiscal sustainability of the Czech Republic during a period of high national debt. These aspects are economic, social, psychological, and demographic. For the economic aspect, regression analysis is used to determine the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the revenue of this tax. These indicators include unemployment, which has the greatest impact on tax collection, followed by inflation, which is not as significant as unemployment but still has a certain effect, and finally GDP, which also has a substantial impact on revenue. For the psychological and social aspects, the Gini coefficient and the Musgrave-Thin index are utilized, based on the results of these indicators the personal income tax fulfills a redistributive function and shows signs of global progressivity. The final analyzed aspect, demographics, illustrates the impact of changes based on projections in the population's age structure and changes in its total number. These changes would then result in a decrease in tax revenue. Furthermore, the Laffer curve is quantified using panel regression on the decile distribution of households in the Czech Republic, where the maximum effective tax rate is around 18%. In conclusion, the findings from the panel regression are utilized through multi-criteria decision-making methods (TOPSIS and VIKOR) to evaluate the current state of legal tax regulation and other alternative taxation scenarios from the perspectives of various political ideologies. The results show that the current state is not optimal and there is room to potentially increase the personal income tax.