Vermikulit a jeho vznik, výskyt, modifikace a praktické využití

Abstract

This bachelor work is focused on the study of an industrially important clay mineral, belonging to the group of phyllosilicate, vermiculite. Its crystal structure and some known properties, such as exfoliation, are discussed in detail. The work contains data on the formation of vermiculite in nature in two ways: 1) the process of oxidation of Fe2 + and dehydroxylation of the brucite-like interlayer, which takes place at high temperatures during metamorphism; 2) the process of erosion and hydrothermal changes of phlogopite and biotite. There are four groups of occurrences of macroscopic vermiculite, namely: ultramafic and mafic, gneiss and shale, carbonates, occurrences in granite bodies. Information on mining volumes and average reserves in the world's most important deposits is provided. A large part of this work is covered by the chapter on organic and inorganic modifications of vermiculite and areas of use of this very important clay mineral. In that part, the crystalline structures of vermiculite composites and some of the large number of possibilities of their practical application are presented in detail.