Výzkum možností použití biouhlu pro dekontaminaci půd.

Abstract

This PhD thesis is focused on indetification of suitable biochar for soil decontamination. There were four samples of biochar and two pyrolytic carbon samples analyzed in order to verify the sorption capabilities and to test improved controlled release of nutriet possibilities.

Biochar and pyrolytic carbon analyzes took place under laboratory conditions in the IGI lab, VŠB – TUO and ENET Centre. All elemental analysis were carried out, the energy parametres were determined along with the determination of the elemental, organic and total carbon content. All samples were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction to determine the mineralogical samples composition and were analyzed by scanning elektron microscopy.

Tested biochar samples were corn, beech, Australia and biomass. Pyrolytic carbon samples were tires and tetrapac. The results show that almost all carbonaceous materials, except pyrolytic carbon from tetrapac where amonium ionts have been desorbed, have positive sorption abilities. Especially biochar from biomass, the efficiency of amonium ion sorption was almost 99 %. It can be stated that the pyrolytic carbon sample from tetrapac is effective in phospate sorption but i tis necessary to take into account the fact that sample may be affected by tetrapac aluminium.

Next part of the thesis was focused on nutriet leaching from biochar in weekly intervals and also leaching of nutrients during gradual elution of given samples. It has been found that more possitive effect on nutrients release from the sample will be more efficient seqential washing both in term of time and nutriet release efficiency. The best of this testing were the biochar sample from corn, beech, biomass and Australia which are able to release the highest amount of nutrients from the total examined samples volume. Biochar sample from corn is able to release the largest amount of the element.

According to IBI Biochar Standards on the basic of which is possible to determine the suitability or inadvisability of carbonaceous application materials to the soil it can be stated that limit values for PAH have been exceeded several times for tetrapac and tire pyrolytic carbons. In the case of majority elements content the limit values have been exceeded by pyrolytic carbon at zinc. As a result it is not possible to apply pyrolytic carbons to soil to improve soil properties according to IBI Biochar Standards versus all biochars which are not suitable.