Komparativní analýza zahraničního obchodu USA a Číny

Abstract

International trade represents a key component of the global economy and significantly influences the economic position of individual countries on the world stage. This bachelor’s thesis focuses on a comparative analysis of the foreign trade of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China in the period 1995–2023. The aim of the thesis is to identify key differences and similarities in the development of trade flows of both countries, their geographical and product structure, and specialization based on the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index. The results indicate that while the United States has long focused on the export of technologically advanced products and the import of raw materials, China has emerged as a major global exporter of industrial goods with increasing added value. The findings of this thesis contribute to a deeper understanding of the trade specialization of the world’s two most influential economies and reveal differences in export and import structure, regional orientation, and the development of comparative advantages. These insights can be utilized in the formulation of trade strategies, economic policy, and further academic research related to international trade and economic relations between the USA and China.