Metodika pro výběr optimální technologie nakládání s biologicky rozložitelnými odpady pro obce s vesnickou zástavbou

Abstract

The dissertation deals with biodegradable waste (BDW) in municipalities with rural building development. The aim of the dissertation is to develop a methodology for the selection of an optimum procedure in the management of this waste. The methodology can help the municipalities pass the given problem professionally, without paying unnecessary expenses and without errors made in the course of solving the problems associated with biodegradable municipal waste (BDMW) in the territories of these municipalities. At first, the proportion of biowaste in mixed municipal waste (MMW) in Fryčovice and several municipalities in relation to the company Frýdecká skládka, JSC (Frýdek landfill) is determined by manual separation. Resultant data are evaluated together with other data files from 14 various municipalities in the Czech Republic, from which the proportion of BDW in MMW in an built-up area with the prevalence of family houses with gardens is determined for the Czech Republic, and procedures for the determination of the proportion of BDMW in MMW in the municipality are drawn. Subsequently, the dissertation analyses measures suitable for moving BDMW away from landfills. The measures are orientated mainly on domestic composting, separate collection, composting and anaerobic digestion. The success of the municipality in decreasing the amount of BDW in MMW due to domestic composting and separate collection is verified by means of information obtained from the municipalities of the Czech Republic, where these technologies have been applied. A questionnaire survey performed in Krmelín and Brušperk and its evaluation furnishes information about the participation of inhabitants of rural built-up areas in the Czech Republic in domestic composting, and the willingness of the inhabitants to participate in domestic composting and separate collection. In the text, effective procedures in the application of these technologies in the Czech Republic are also derived on the basis of the acquired information. The suitability of recovery of BDMW, obtained by manual separation, is verified, from the point of view of technological requirements and legislative conditions, by laboratory analyses of BDMW, BDMW composting in a NatureMill compost bin and by fermentation in an anaerobic reactor. What is also presented is the analysis of substantial parameters that are of importance to the decision-making process concerning the selection of a technology for BDMW treatment by composting and anaerobic digestion from the point of view of technical requirements, legislative restrictions and marketing and management for the area of BDW management in the Czech Republic. On the basis of acquired data, a methodology for BDMW management, applied to the municipality of Fryčovice, was developed.