Historické a současné tendence v návrzích zástavby a využití prostoru bývalých městských hradeb

Abstract

The dissertation thesis titled Historical and trends in the proposals for the construction and utilization of the area of former city fortifications focuses on the issue of city walls in the broader context of terminology, history, the development of walls and the urbanism of cities, and other related phenomena. City walls are a complex theme; they are a source of knowledge, demonstrate the historical value of cities, and point to urban connections between cities and the surrounding landscape. Throughout history, they have very clearly defined which buildings and activities were suitable to be located inside and outside the walls. The delineation and enclosure of the city from the surrounding world also points to the identity of the city as the embodiment of its values. The general definition and examination of the topic is followed by a specific focus on historical and trends in the proposals for the construction and utilization of the area of former city fortifications. This specific issue highlights the significant cultural, social, industrial, and, of course, architectural and urban changes that occurred, especially in the 19th century. As a result of these changes, the city walls were removed, either in whole or in part, leaving behind extensive urban gaps and empty spaces that became the pillars of the new character of urban structures. Newly created vacant areas, which were originally located on the outskirts of the city, began to appear in the center and thus became an important part of the city's structure. From this time onwards, cities began to feature massive urban arteries in the form of city boulevards, urban and park circuits. In some cities, the network of avenues, boulevards, and parks was accentuated by institutional and cultural buildings. This work examines tendencies in the design of buildings and the use of space within former city walls, naming and analyzing them on the basis of literary research, visual methods, and field research in the context of European cities. The dissertation thesis examines ten significant Czech cities in the context of city walls and defined historical and contemporary trends. These cities are compared with each other and with selected European examples. The conclusion of the thesis presents recommendations for academic research and architectural practice in the context of former city walls.