Hodnocení vlivu radiace prostředí na půdy a vegetaci

Abstract

In the past, the environment in the Czech Republic was largely contaminated with artificial radionuclides. Artificial radionuclides are created as a result of human activities and therefore do not occur naturally. The sources of these radionuclides are the fallout from nuclear weapons tests and the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the 20th century. The dissertation is focused on the assessment of the effect of radiation on the environment, the origin of which is the mentioned fallout from the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl power plant and also the fallout from nuclear weapons tests, which have not completely disappeared, so they are measured together with the Chernobyl fallout. The studied radionuclide is radioactive cesium 137Cs, which is still measurable in the environment of the Czech Republic due to its radioactive transformation (30.17 years). The presented work is divided into two parts, in which information is subsequently processed about the studied issue of the influence of environmental radiation on soils and selected agricultural and forest products, as well as products of permanent grasslands. The first part of the thesis deals with the basic description of selected terms of radiation and the characteristics of the radionuclide 137Cs, within which the distribution of 137Cs in soils and plants is described. The following chapter provides an insight into the history of 137Cs contamination in the territory of Czechoslovakia immediately after the Chernobyl NPP accident and describes the severity of soil and forest ecosystem contamination. In the main part of the dissertation, the methodology of the work is specified, including a description of the sampling locations, which were concentrated in the more contaminated northeastern part of the Czech Republic in the Moravian-Silesian Region. In 2018 and 2019, samples of soil, selected agricultural and forest products and products of permament grasslands were taken to determine the mass activities of 137Cs. From these samples, practical outputs are subsequently drawn for the research, which was carried out in cooperation with the State Institute of Radiation Protection (hereinafter referred to as SÚRO) in Prague. The next chapter provides the results of research on the measured activity of 137Cs in soils, the results from the measurement of agricultural and forest products, then products of permanent grasslands, the transfer of radionuclides described using transfer factors into agricultural, forest products and products of permanent grasslands, and the timing of the effective dose from the consumption of agricultural crops and mushrooms. The appendices contain a detailed list of soil sampling locations (Appendix No. 1), a list of sampled plant products (Appendix No. 2).