Tepelné zpracování biomasy a uhlí s následným využitím pevných produktů.

Abstract

Behaviour of twenty-one types of wooden biomass and four types of coal was studied and described within the process of thermic degradation in reduced atmosphere. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part the samples are thoroughly described from the point of view of thermogravimetric analysis. The second part deals with the possibilities of utilisation of the pyrolytic solid remainders. Influence of the process parameters, e.g. the heating rate, the final temperature and the impact of granularity of the initial material, was observed. These are the most important parameters which determine the yield of the pyrolytic products. The influence of the main components of biomass, e.g. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, on the process of thermic degradation was described as well. The content of the main components turned out to be fundamental factor determining the qualities and the yield of the solid products. The thesis contains a chapter dealing with the behaviour of mixed samples of biomass and coal during the pyrolysis. Possibilities of their mutual interaction, which may influence the yield of the solid products, were examined as well. In the second part of the thesis are suggested two ways of utilisation of the pyrolytic solid products. The first possibility is to add pyrolytic carbon to the coke coal. The impact on the thermoplastic qualities of the coal mixture was examined. Due to the environmental and economic aspects is this utilisation of biomass very desirable. The further option was chemical activation of the pyrolytic carbon by potassium carbonate, followed by testing of its sorption qualities using a wide range of pressure, from 0,3 bars to 45 bars.