Složení společenstev denních motýlů (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) jako ukazatel změn ve využívání krajiny

Abstract

Diploma thesis concerns the presence of daily butterflies in relation to human activity in the landscape. Thesis partially relates to Bachelor’s thesis: „Daily Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Orchards and Tree Alleys at The Mining Landscape of Karvina Region“. The aim of thesis was to point out the importance of human activity in the landscape and his work in mountain areas of Tesin Beskydy and abandoned orchards and tree alleys in the mining landscape of Karvina region in relation to bioindication group of daily butterflies. The theoretical part describes human activities in the landscape starting from population, grazing animals, forestry to urbanization and industrialization of landscape and consequences of these activities. Further the thesis focuses on utilization of daily butterflies for indication of changes in landscape in general but also in specific cases. The practical part of the thesis is dedicated to comparison of historical data about presence of daily butterflies during four monitored periods and personal monitoring on eight locations of Tesin Beskydy and mining landscape. In total were selected four mountain meadows in Beskydy and four abandoned orchards and tree alleys in Karvina region. During personal monitoring the individual representatives of daily butterflies were determined and categorized according to relation to a biotope. Within the thesis were elaborated two case studies, which further illustrate and indicate changes in human activity in mountain regions and in the mining landscape. It was concluded that species diversity of daily butterflies of mountain meadows and rangelands of Tesin Beskydy and abandoned orchards and tree alleys in Karvina region has a decreasing trend, which might be closely related with reduced human activity in these locations such as grazing, haymaking or coppice management.