Smíšené zděné konstrukce z cihel a kamene

Abstract

A large number of different materials have always been used for the creation of masonry structures, which differed greatly in their characteristic properties. Building materials were often combined in individual components to achieve the best possible results of masonry. This is also way how mixed brick and stone masonry was created. This combination results not only in considerable financial savings, because bricks were rarer and more expensive than natural stone in history, but it was also possible to lighten the necessary components of the building, such as translations, vaults, etc. In the theoretical part of my work, I deal not only about the individual characteristics of bricks and stone, but also about the history of their application with presentation of possible combination of brick and stone in the construction of historical masonry structures. This part of the thesis also summarizes the issue of defects and damages that can be observed on the structures and the methodology of technical building investigation of the objects. The practical part is based on performance of technical building investigation of the structure, on which the combination of stone and bricks exist. In the preliminary phase of the investigation, the investigated structure was described, including the determination of all defects and damages. The detailed phase of the investigation then included diagnostic measurements on the taken samples in laboratories. The examination of the selected material characteristics was performed to compare the properties of the bricks and stone. Based on the results, it was possible to compare the reliability of this masonry elements.