Zahraničně obchodní vztahy Evropské unie se Spojenými státy americkými

Abstract

The European Union (EU) and the United States of America (USA) mutually represents two of largest and most important trading partners. The importance of these two economies in the world economy is gradually weakening as a result of the expansion of the so called emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India and China). One of the ways which could diminish the impact of competition is the deepening cooperation between the EU and the USA using the integration elements. This doctoral dissertation (DDP) is devoted to the foreign trade relations between the European Union and the United States of America. The international trade theories are divided into two parts, the supply and demand oriented theories, in the second chapter. Heckscher-Ohlin theory was chosen as a representative for the supply oriented theory and Linder international trade theory was chosen as a representative for the demand oriented theory. The aim of the doctoral dissertation is to determine through the gravity model of international trade whether the United States of America and the European Union member countries traded within a selected period in accordance with the supply or demand oriented international trade theories. Based on this finding it can be confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of intra industry trade, respectively inter industry trade. Subsequently, the utilization of the trade potential is determined, which is calculated through the estimated regression equation. The estimation results clearly show that the United States and the European Union as a whole traded within a selected period in accordance with the postulates of demand oriented international trade theories and it can be accepted the assumption of the existence of the intra industry trade, which is typical for developed economies. By using graphical analysis it can be determined which EU member states traded in line with the demand oriented international trade theories and which in accordance with the supply oriented international trade theories. By dividing countries into these two groups may adopt certain recommendations in relation to the distribution of income across the EU member countries. The resulting calculation of the utilization of the trade potential indicates the existence of an untapped trade potential of the EU’s trade within industrial production in relation to the USA. Based on this finding it can be recommended to both economies to begin deeper cooperation for example in the form of the creation of a free trade area.