Emisní faktory ze spalování tuhých paliv ve spalovacích zařízeních malých výkonů.

Abstract

The dissertation thesis deals with determination of emission factors of selected pollutants in households. Experimentally determined emission factors are compared with the emission factors used for national emission inventories in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into six main sections: The "Introduction" part, which specifies the objectives of the dissertation thesis. The “Theoretical part” is briefly introducing readers to the problems of balancing emissions, acquaints with the current emission factors and outlines the problems with their determination. The third section "Methodology of experiments" presents particular design of combustion equipment, fuel parameters, a special track for flue gas exhaust and methodology of sampling of pollutants and monitoring of thermal parameters of combustion plants. The fourth chapter, entitled "Experiments", describes the course of experiments carried out. This information is necessary for proper understanding and interpretation of results. The fifth chapter "results" is divided into several sections. Each subsection is devoted to a particular pollutant or group of substances. Individual subsections are dedicated to: carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, solid pollutants, dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyl, hexachlorobenzene and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Every substance or group of substances is briefly introduced, the mechanism of their formation and the risks of their occurrence in the atmosphere are outlined. The chapter also presents experimental results obtained, which are organized by the type of fuel burned, the construction of incinerator and method of operation used. The results are discussed and generalized for the use in the country. The generalized experimentally determined emission factors are compared with the emission factors used in the Czech Republic and the emission factors recommended for the EU in the document EMEP / EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook 2009 - Part B - 1 A.4. small combustion. These three sets of emission factors are applied to model consumption of fossil fuels and natural gas in households in the Czech Republic in 2006 and thus the effects of using different emission factors to estimate emissions from domestic heating sector are demonstrated. The sixth chapter 'Conclusion' summarizes the main findings of the dissertation. It divides pollutants into two categories. First category contains pollutants whose formation is mainly related to the characteristics of burned fuel and the other category contains pollutants whose formation is mainly related to the quality of the combustion process, and thus to the construction of the incinerator. The chapter further examines the options for reducing emissions from small sources.