Automatizovaný pěstební systém

Abstract

This bachelor thesis deals with the design, physical implementation, and testing of an automated growing system with controlled microclimate and irrigation, suitable for pre-growing seedlings (e.g., peppers or tomatoes) in a solid substrate. The thesis first provides a theoretical overview of modern soil and soilless cultivation methods (hydroponics, aeroponics, aquaponics) and defines the key parameters necessary for optimal plant growth. Subsequently, the selection of suitable sensors (for measuring air temperature and humidity, light intensity, and soil moisture) and actuators (pump, fan, humidifier, heating mat) is analyzed. The core of the thesis is the practical design of a control system based on an Arduino Nano microcontroller. The system utilizes a finite state machine (FSM) for stable, non-blocking operation and is equipped with a user interface via an LCD display for continuous adjustment of environmental limit parameters. Significant attention is paid to operational safety – the system integrates features for the immediate detection of an empty water tank and an emergency water leak on the floor. The designed system was successfully assembled and subjected to a series of stress tests, which confirmed its ability to react quickly and adequately to extreme parameter changes. The result is a fully autonomous and reliable growing platform minimizing the need for human intervention.