Znečišťování životního prostředí při výrobě surového železa

Abstract

Production of metals is associated with production of waste, which not only constitutes a potential cause of environmental pollution but also raises the question of ecological and economic ramifications. New knowledge about waste and studies about its properties enable – currently – non-traditional possibilities to be added to its usage. This paper focuses on quantifying the process of pyrometallurgical usage of fine-grained poly-component, metal-containing waste from the metallurgy of iron, as an alternative source of iron instead of metallic iron in secondary production of lead through the technology of shaft furnace. In order to achieve the goals defined in this dissertation and to obtain a view on usage of waste from the metallurgy of iron in the metallurgy of lead, experimental melts and statistical data-analysis have been carried out. Experimental melts focused on acquisition of data about the impact on important parameters that characterize the work of shaft furnace. Methods of statistical analysis were used to evaluate the data acquired from measurements, aiming to provide more detailed connections. This dissertation consists of two main parts. The first part deals with environmental aspects of conventional production of crude iron and steel, focusing on fine-grained iron-containing waste, including current methods of their material usage. Further, metallurgy of lead is specified, mainly recycling of lead from discarded lead accumulators used in shaft-furnace technologies and the function of iron in the process. The second part specifies melts carried out under ordinary conditions during shaft-furnace work, using standard and experimental charge. A detailed clarification is provided about the influence of partial iron substitution in charge of experimental melts, waste containing iron per volume and air pressure of the air blown into the shaft furnace, sulphur-dioxide emissions, coke consumption, crude-iron quality and production, and by-products – slag, mattes and outlet. Part of the paper is also devoted to a summary and total evaluation of the usage of metal-containing raw materials in the production of lead which contain iron.