Výzkum možnosti revitalizace historických veřejných hřbitovů v centrálních zónách měst

Abstract

Historic public cemeteries with its social function are an integral part of urban planning. Its evidence expresses a relationship and respect for the values created by the generations before us. The historic public cemeteries founded in the 18th and 19th centuries have been preserved to a relatively parge extent so far. Many of these cemeteries had ability to develop and increase in surface and still perform its social function. However some of its found itselves closed in very center of the urban organism and stopped performing its original use mainly during the course of new aggressive construction. Others have disappeared through reckless urban construction and were replaced by housing estate or newly established parks without any reference to a historic cemeteries and in essence without any orginal ethical principles of cemeteries. Newly published manuals for public spaces do not include cemeteries as a part of them. Cemeteries thus become brownfields that neither society nor the city are interested in. Relatively large areas which cemeteries fill in cities, deserve an attention and a possible search for further use. What will be the fate of historic cemeteries? What will be the intentions of city representatives, investors and preservationists? The aim of this work is to searching for tools, how to make cemeteries more alive and a part of cities and to return its status of public spaces, which it originaly was. The work will examine the deeper history of European cemeteries in various communities and epochs, the etymology of the word cemetery, the essence of the funeral ritual, selected rituals from history will be described. Funeral architecture of mourning halls and columbariums will be shown. The reciprocal influence of the compositions of historic cemeteries with urbanisms, the passability of the cemetery, accessibility, entrances, greenery will also be examined in selected European cemeteries. The research will find use in the renovation of cemeteries or in the establishment of new ones. The work can be used to predict the further development of cemeteries within urbanization