Možnosti nestandartní likvidace nástražných výbušných systémů v kombinaci s CBRN látkami

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation thesis is to analyze the possibility of using directed explosive charges to eliminate improvised explosive devices (IEDs) with special attention to two especially dangerous types of IEDs. The first type is designed as a “tube bomb”, which, if exploded, combines the effect of a shock wave and massive fragmentation of the metal casing. The explosion of a tube bomb in this respect resembles explosion of an artillery shell. The second type could be described as “high volume explosive charge”, which is placed in a vehicle. The outer shell of this IED is the body of the vehicle's cargo space, which can contain from 50 to 3000 kg of explosives. The large quantity of explosive is a considerable threat during an actual terrorist attack, the use of vehicle enhances this threat further by enabling the high volume explosive charge to be moved quickly and unobserved to the designated site. The nature of each IED type is specific with regards to neutralization. The main obstacle of successful disarming of the tube bomb is the sealed metal casing containing the explosive. In case of the high volume explosive charge the danger is not only the accumulated volume of explosives and the mobility of the charge but also the security measures applied in order to prevent opening of the container or manipulation with it. In the vast majority of cases these types of IEDs are planted on sites where they can cause high casualties and material damage. Currently, there are only three types of means of intervention used for elimination of IEDs in the Czech Republic. These are water disruptors, shotguns and external explosive charges used for a so-called controlled explosion of IED. These methods and devices fail to deliver results when confronted with the discussed types of IEDs for two main reasons. Firstly, the use of a water disruptor or a shotgun against the tube bomb or the high volume explosive charge is entirely inefficient. In the former case this is due to the metal casing and in the latter due to the large quantity of explosives contained within the vehicle. Secondly, it is essential to use such means of elimination of IEDs that allow preservation of evidence that can effectively be used for conviction of the criminal based on the expert criminalistic examination. Thus, especially the controlled explosion method appears to be highly unprofessional as it inevitably leads to almost all the relevant evidence being destroyed. Based on the statements discussed above, this thesis offers a solution in form of special directed explosive charges that are both theoretically designed and field-tested in relation to safe deactivation of the specific types of IEDs. At the same time there are both technical specifications and project visualizations of the directed explosive charge prototypes included. This dissertation thesis proposes an innovative solution of pyrotechnical deactivation of IEDs defined as tube bomb and high volume explosive charge. It presents newly designed means of intervention and experimentally proves their functionality with regards to a swift and reliable resolution of threats associated with the elimination of the highly dangerous IED types mentioned above.