Zhodnocení zahraničního obchodu s agrárními produkty mezi Evropskou unií a zeměmi MERCOSUR

Abstract

This thesis examines agricultural trade between the European Union and the MERCOSUR countries in the period 2010–2025. The main aim of the thesis is to assess the specific features of agricultural trade between the European Union and the MERCOSUR countries. The partial objectives are to evaluate the importance of agricultural trade within the overall trade relations between the two regions, identify its commodity and territorial structure, assess the degree of concentration and complementarity of trade flows, and determine the trade specialization of selected agricultural commodities. The analysis uses in particular the trade balance indicator, the Revealed Comparative Advantage index, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the trade complementarity index, the trade balance index, the Grubel-Lloyd index, and the Lafay index. The results showed that agricultural trade between the two regions is long-term imbalanced. The European Union is a significant importer of agricultural products from MERCOSUR, while its exports to the region are based mainly on more processed products with higher value added. At the same time, a low to medium level of commodity concentration of EU exports and a higher concentration of imports from MERCOSUR was confirmed. Overall, the relationship can be characterized as trade-complementary and structurally different.