Migrační politika Evropské unie: komparace severského a španělského modelu

Abstract

This bachelor thesis focuses on the migration policy of the European Union with an emphasis on the comparison of the Nordic and Spanish models. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the development of the European Union’s migration policy and subsequently compare the approach of selected Nordic countries, specifically Finland and Sweden, with the Spanish model of migration policy. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts related to migration, its types, economic aspects and the institutional framework of the European Union’s migration and asylum policy. The following part examines the migration crises of 2015–2016 and the refugee crisis caused by the war in Ukraine, including their impacts and the responses of the European Union. The analytical part compares the approaches of Finland, Sweden and Spain with regard to labour migration, migrant integration, migration control and irregular migration. The results show that migration policies of EU Member States differ according to their historical, geographical, economic and institutional conditions. While the Nordic countries mainly emphasise integration, labour market participation and the sustainability of the welfare system, Spain focuses more on legal pathways to residence and work, as well as on the integration of migrants already residing in the country.