Jižní Súdán jako nový subjekt světové ekonomiky

Abstract

This thesis deals with the newly established state - the Republic of South Sudan, which is located in Central Africa. South Sudan was declared independence from the largest African country - the Republic of Sudan 9th July 2011 after protracted conflicts and civil wars, which were mainly due to differences in culture, traditions, customs and religion of the Muslim north and predominantly Christian south. The aim of this work is to evaluate the state of the Republic of South Sudan, especially from an economic point of view by analyzing the overall state of the country, using macroeconomic data and indicators from available resources. The work is divided into three main chapters. The chapter "Historical and political aspects of South Sudan" focuses primarily history and the actual formation of the autonomous South Sudan, as developed in the Republic of Sudan. The chapter "Economic development of South Sudan" from the beginning dedicated to defining the general characteristics of South Sudan. Chapter "Assessment of the current situation and possible future developments" is focused on comprehensive information regarding the current state of South Sudan. An important point of this chapter is oil wealth includes an overview of major events related to oil since 2011, and also interventions from China and the USA. The new state is facing huge challenges. They must deal with relations with the Republic of Sudan, including the exact demarcation between the two countries, persistent border conflicts, the distribution of income from oil, whose reserves are the largest in Southern Sudan, but the refineries and export ports in the North (South Sudan itself has no access to the sea), overcoming rampant corruption, the development of a permanent Constitution, reintegration of returnees from the north and the whole complex humanitarian problems associated with the fact that South Sudan is at its inception one of the least developed and poorest countries in the world. Since October 2010, more than 450,000 South Sudanese people living in the north have returned to South Sudan, the flow of people continues to this day. Due to the lack of basic services and infrastructure is very weak, the integration of these populations very difficult. The future is uncertain, but it can now be said that the country has great potential, which is necessary to properly use and evaluate. Important is currently mainly what direction the Republic will take. Is also essential in the development of diversification of income, so that the land was not only dependent on oil, but that also benefited from agricultural products, well-educated young people or later and tourism. Many international corporations and institutions are trying to help, but how everything will be effective depends mainly on the attitude of the Government of Southern Sudan itself.