Využití potravinářských odpadů formou anaerobního zpracování

Abstract

The presented PhD thesis concerns the possibilities of using biowaste from food industry, especially "Materials unsuitable for human consumption or processing" (catalog numbers (02 03 04, 02 06 01) and "Waste from washing, cleaning and mechanical reduction of raw materials" (catalog number 02 07 01) according to Waste Catalogue. The use of biowaste can be used for anaerobic treatment to energetically usable biogas and liquid product (digestate), suitable for fertilization of agricultural land. The aim of this work was to verify the possibilities of co-fermentation of selected biowaste with beef cattle manure including the determination of weight percentages in mixtures with respect to the maximal yield of the process. The attention was focused on obtaining the knowledge about the process of single-stage mesophilic anaerobic co-fermentation with addition of 10 wt % and 20 wt % of biowaste to beef cattle manure. The processes of anaerobic digestion (fermentation and co-fermentation) were studied in laboratory apparatuses (several identical physical model fermenters, each has a reaction volume 0.06 m3, with accessories) and material flows or the intensity of contact of participating components were mainly regulated. Selected results from laboratory experiments were subsequently verified on pilot plant facility including single-stage fermenter having a reaction volume 2.0 m3. It was impossible to realize the verification measurements originally intended for a biogas station Pustějov. Therefore, the operation of the biogas station was simulated on two fermenters with volume 60 dm3 in a normal mode and in a mode while the part of batch was replaced by biscuit meal EKPO-EB. All prepared digestates were evaluated according to the Decree No. 271/2009 Coll., on fertilizer requirements [1] and according to Decree No. 341/2008 Coll., [2] and amendments to Decree No. 294/2005 Coll., on the conditions of depositing waste in landfills and its use on the surface of the ground and amendments to Decree No. 383/2001 Coll., on details of waste management (decree on the details of biodegradable waste management).