Vztah mezi politickým režimem a ekonomickým růstem

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of political regimes on economic growth in a global context. The theoretical section focuses on defining political regimes and their relationship to neoclassical and endogenous growth theories. In this thesis, political regime is viewed as one of the fundamental factors that can influence economic growth. The empirical section conducts an analysis of this impact using panel data from 193 countries over the period 1990–2025. The Democracy Index, V-Dem Index, and Polity Index are used to assess political systems. Methodologically, the thesis relies on static fixed-effects models and dynamic panel models estimated using the GMM method, specifically the Arellano-Bond method. The results confirm a statistically significant positive impact of investment and human capital on economic performance. The impact of the political regime itself proved to be ambiguous and varied depending on the index used as well as the group of countries.