Problematika znečištění životního prostředí v průmyslových zónách Ho Či Minova města a návrh využítí oběhového hospodářství jako cesta k udržitelnému rozvoji

Abstract

Sustainable development is an important factor not only in Europe and countries with developed economies, but also in developing countries, thus everywhere in the world. Nearly all countries are facing similar issues such as climate change, demographic changes, loss of arable land and deepening inequality between rich and poor countries as well as within countries. Vietnam is a country in the process of industrialization and modernization. Over the last three decades (1993-2023), the Vietnamese economy has experienced extraordinary growth. From being classified as a backward country, it has risen in 30 years to become one with a GDP size that is in the top 40 largest economies in the world and is increasingly deeply integrated into the global economy. However, economic growth is currently slowing down. Internal challenges and external problems force Vietnam to face the risk of falling into the “middle income trap.” Perhaps it is the right time for Vietnam to start building a new economic model to continue its development, overcome the average income threshold, and become a modern industrial country with sustainable development. Ho Chi Minh City is the economic, trade, financial, and service center of Vietnam and also faces serious problems such as water and air pollution, lack of clean water, traffic congestion and climate change… All of these problems pose a threat to sustainable economic growth. This thesis focuses on three main issues – environmental pollution in industrial zones in Ho Chi Minh City, as well as the legal aspects of environmental protection in this area; legal aspects of environmental protection in the legal system of the Czech Republic and under Vietnamese environmental protection law and the legal status of the principle of sustainable development in these two laws. The last issue is to study the circular economy in Vietnam and the Vietnamese economy and propose priority areas for introducing the process of transition from the current linear economic model to the circular economic model as a contribution to building Vietnam's action plan on the circular economy.