Stanovení parametrů malé fotovoltaické elektrárny

Abstract

his bachelor thesis deals with determining the parameters and analyzing the behavior of small photovoltaic power plants, focusing primarily on off-grid systems. The introductory theoretical part explains the physical principles of the photovoltaic effect, provides an overview of current photovoltaic cell technologies (including PERC and TOPCon technologies), and analyzes the components and topologies of photovoltaic systems in detail. The practical part is dedicated to the actual design and implementation of an experimental off-grid system , which consists of a 50 Wp monocrystalline solar panel, an MPPT controller, and a lead-acid battery. For detailed data collection and analysis, a custom monitoring module based on the ESP32 microcontroller platform was constructed. Using INA228 and VEML7700 sensors, this module records voltage, current, and the intensity of incident solar radiation. The data obtained from real-world operation is subsequently used to evaluate the overall behavior of the system, assess the efficiency of the MPPT controller, and analyze the charging phases in constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes.