Význam těkavých mastných kyselin (TMK) v biologických procesech.

Abstract

The dissertation thesis is focused on issue of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in biological processes. In collaboration with doc. Ing. Daniela Plachá, Ph.D. (Nanotechnology Centre, Centre for energy units using non-traditional sources of energy) an analytical procedure based on gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC/FID) has been developed for the determination of volatile fatty acids in various organic matrices a verified by the real biological samples. The thesis presents the results of VFAs analyzes and their influence on the course of the composting process, sewage treatment, respiratory activity of activated sludge, anaerobic digestion. Frýdecká dump, a.s. provided samples of compost matured in two different operating conditions for the evaluation of the composting process. Formation and elimination of VFAs during composting was compared with other parameters pH, moisture, temperature, TOC, COX, carbohydrates and nitrates in aqueous extract. VFAs also been identified in feedstocks for the production of the corresponding raw compost mix like in composting plant Bruzovice. Samples for VFAs determination in sludge samples from different parts of the technological process of wastewater treatment were collected at central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Ostrava. Results of VFAs analyze in digested sludge measured by GC/FID were compared with measurement results of capillary electrophoresis with UV detection and the method according to Sedlacek et al. (1978). The inhibitory effect of acetic acid and lactic acid by screening method with respirometer Strathox in the actived sludge was evaluated. Fermentation reactors and incubators and fermentation reactor Sartorius Biostat was used for laboratory anaerobic digestion. The fermented substrate were grown energy grasses delivered from OSEVA PRO s.r.o - Grassland Research Station in Rožnov - Zubří. The inhibitory effect of lactic acid, butyric acid and acetic acid on anaerobic digestion of hybrid Lofa and brome-grass mountain Tacit by adding a defined amount of fatty acids was determined.