Migrace pracovní síly v Polsku

Abstract

Monitoring of migration flows in Poland draws the attention of expert public due to a significant decline in population. The aim of this thesis is to determine the effects of emigration and immigration of workforce on the Polish economy, especially in the period after Poland joined the EU. The following methods were used: literary search, empirical research, descriptive statistics, comparison, regression analysis and subsequently the deduction. Observed effects of emigration and immigration confirm the results of empirical studies, while emigration is not always the sole cause of the effect. Emigration contributed to the reduction of unemployment, increase in wages, labor shortages especially in the sector of Health and Social Services, change of migration policy in favor of greater employment of immigrants, or to the brain drain, which could hinder intensive economic growth in the future. Also, the possible effects on human capital increase with returning emigrants were considered. The change of the demographic structure of the Polish population, including the increasing regional disparities, was proved as well. Concerning the business activities, different effects on its development caused by migration were found. However, the impact of remittances was assessed to be positive.