Modelování následků dobývání ložisek nerostných surovin

Abstract

Modelling the effects of mining of mineral deposits. It is known that the exploitation of mineral deposits affects the environment negatively. In the case of underground mining there are usually the most serious effects, which are associated with mining, movements and surface deformations leading in creation of a subsidence depression. Determination of the actual state of surface changes by conventional surveying methods is technically exacting, time-consuming and very expensive. Therefore, at present the size of affected surface is numerically determined mainly by relatively simple prediction models based on generally accepted theories. Data obtained by a seldom observation in situ are only used for local validation of predictive calculations. However, the real state of surface changes is not always entirely consistent with the expectations. With the development of geo-information technologies, new approaches come now and they can be applied in resolving this issue. These resources seem to be suitable not only for providing the necessary spatial information on ongoing processes, but also for their subsequent processing and comprehensive evaluation. Presented Ph.D. thesis deals in detail with the possibilities of applying GI technologies for monitoring and evaluating the effects of underground mining on surface, summarizes actual knowledge and offers alternatives for their use in the future. The purpose of this Ph.D. thesis was the creation of monitoring scheme using the combination of direct and non-direct surface surveying methods and then the application of the proposed scheme to the real mining situation in selected part of the Upper Silesian coal basin. To reach this, global positioning navigation systems and methods of remote sensing - aerial photogrammetry and radar interferometry are robustly used. The acquired spatial data are supplemented by knowledge of mining activity, geological conditions, structural geology and seismic activity in the area and then processed with sophisticated mathematical statistics, geo-statistics and interpolation functions. The result of the comprehensive assessment is the spatial-temporal model describing the evolution of the real subsidence above exploited coal deposit, which occurred in the selected area. The obtained surface changes were confronted with the results of the official calculated predictions. Finally, it presents an outline of possible future development in study area by means of regression analysis.