Vybrané diagnostické metódy na účely kontrol distribučných transformátorov

Abstract

Power transformers belong among the fundamental devices of transmission and distribution systems, and their reliable operation is essential for the safe and economical supply of electrical energy. Nowadays, emphasis is placed on diagnostics and regular maintenance, which make it possible to detect faults in time and prevent failures. This work deals with the analysis of the operating principle of transformers, their operating conditions and possible failures, as well as a description of their constructional parts – the ferromagnetic core, windings, insulation systems, and cooling methods. The main part is devoted to diagnostic methods and inspection tests of power transformers, with detailed discussion of electrical, physical, and chemical approaches used in assessing their technical condition. The practical part includes selected measurements on a specific transformer, such as measuring the insulation resistance of windings, winding resistance, transformation ratio, and tank grounding. In the final chapter, the individual measurements were statistically processed and the results compared with standards. The aim of the work is to highlight the importance of diagnostics and inspection tests as tools for extending transformer service life and increasing their operational reliability.