Problematika vápenných kalů při zpracování a dopravě zbytkových technologických roztoků

Abstract

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of lime sludges generated during the treatment of residual technological solutions in the neutralization and decontamination stations of the state enterprise DIAMO, Stráž branch. The thesis describes the formation of filter cake during the neutralization, decontamination and filtration of technological solutions and evaluates its subsequent transport, handling and deposition in the second stage of the Stráž pod Ralskem tailings facility. The main focus is placed on the physico-mechanical properties of the lime filter cake, which influence its flow behaviour, adhesion to contact surfaces, angle of repose, friction properties and operational handling characteristics. The thesis is based on laboratory measurements carried out at VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, the results of which serve as a basis for assessing the behaviour of the material under real operating conditions. The thesis also includes an analysis of the current method of sludge transport using chain conveyors, truck-and-trailer combinations and articulated dump trucks. Particular attention is paid to the operational limitations of the existing solution, including high adhesion of sludge to the surfaces of technological equipment, abrasive wear, variable quality of the filter cake and uneven filling of transport vehicles. Based on the evaluation, technical and material measures are proposed to improve the handling of lime sludges. Attention is focused mainly on the modification of contact surfaces of the transport route and the bodies of transport vehicles using PE-UHMW liners, as well as on the controlled method of filling the dump truck body. The simulation part of the thesis verifies the process of filling and discharging the body and confirms the importance of the material impact position, gradual load distribution and appropriate positioning of the centre of gravity. The aim of the thesis is to propose operationally applicable measures that may contribute to increasing the reliability of lime sludge transport, reducing material adhesion, lowering the risk of material overflow and improving subsequent discharge. The results of the thesis are applicable not only to the specific operation in Stráž pod Ralskem, but also as a methodological basis for similar technologies working with cohesive, adhesive and abrasive materials.