Zplyňování odpadních polymerů

Abstract

This Ph.D. thesis deals with the possibility of using thermal reduction treatment of waste polymers in order to obtain the process gas for energy purposes. The main aim of this dissertation was to monitor the balance of gasification products and their evaluation. Before the own experiments, it was necessary to design and build a laboratory gasification unit. Further it was necessary to remove various types of polymer waste and make their thermal and technical analysis. The attention was paid to research of thermochemical properties of selected types of polymers while the moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon content, heat of combustion were determined and calorific value was calculated for individual samples. The elemental composition was also determined which is important for calculation of the surplus of gasification medium. The presented data were inserted into waste database. After selecting the appropriate samples, the series of gasification experiments were conducted either at different surpluses of gasification media or at different heating rate of metal retort. For each experiment, the air was used as the gasification medium. In each experiment not only process gas released, but also condensate and solid product of carbonization originated. In the process gas the following components were particularly observed: methane, ethylene, propane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. From the concentrations of monitored components, the calorific value of process gas was calculated. Then sorption capacities for the solid product of carbonization were evaluated by determination of iodine adsorption number and further elemental analysis and heat of combustion were determined and calorific value was calculated for selected samples of condensate. The condensate was also determined by representation of individual organic compounds by gas chromatography with mass detector.