Urbanismus a vnímání pocitu bezpečí

Abstract

The Chicago School, a thought stream from the middle of the 20th century, develops the sociology of the city, deals with marginality, ethnic segregation, crime, juvenile delinquency, alcoholism, drug addiction, mental illness, etc. The increase in crime and social pathological situations in cities was also the cause of the emergence of a theory of social disintegration trying to explain the processes of organization and reorganization of the city affecting the social integrity and cohesion of the population. The cities of Eastern Europe are characterized by a specificity based on historical elements. The original industrial centers are going through a stage of deindustrialization, which is accompanied by structural changes. The unemployment rise as a reaction to deindustrialization is accompanied by migration, the population is aging. The city is shrinking. Deindustrialization also affects the character of urbanism, the basic remains of which persist for generations. The main goal was to assess the influence of urbanism, the importance of the history of city development and environmental elements and their influence on the perception of the security of the inhabitants (Ostrava). Hypothesis H1 The character of urbanism associated with the history of the city influences crime and the perception of the sense of security of the inhabitants. H2 Suburbanization and deindustrialization have an impact on the shrinkage of the city and this is the cause of increased crime. H3 The people of Ostrava consider the city safe. Research methodology and processing methods. Method of cluster analysis The city is divided into 6 groups as the most risky and most vulnerable areas most influencing the perception of sense of security. Semi-structured questioning on two levels aimed at experts from selected institutions of self-government and a broader more general view of selected groups of the population. The comparative analysis of quantitative data was carried out through anonymous structured questioning through a research group of 64 experts from selected local government institutions. To verify potential risks and incidents, the Preliminary Hazard Analysis method and the definition of possible risks from the perspective of the local government were applied. And the method of What-if Analysis in the field of housing and security was used, with a specific focus on residents who are more stable in property. The most serious indicators influencing sense of security include the poor appearance of buildings and unused brown-fields. The result resulted in the need to solve static transport, as not only as a living comfort, but also from a safety point of view. A significant security element of urbanism identified by research is the state and structure of public greenery. Urban shrinkage is a threat not only to depopulation but also to stagnation of economic development. The issue of prevention is to change the areas associated with crime, to identify perpetrators and to find out the motivation for crime. Unemployment, income poverty, rental housing, including high housing supplements, and an aging population are signs of a shrinking city.