Druhotné využití baterií pro ukládání energie v rámci cirkulární ekonomiky

Abstract

This thesis deals with the possibilities of second-life use of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries from electric vehicles in stationary energy storage systems (ESS) within the context of the circular economy. The focus is placed primarily on the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of battery repurposing after the end of their primary use in electric vehicles, including battery degradation, state of health (SoH) diagnostics, and remaining useful life (RUL) estimation. The theoretical part also reflects the current legislative framework, including the European regulation EU 2023/1542 and the concept of the battery passport. The practical part is based on the analysis of capacity tests of 48 battery modules, which were compared with reference measurements performed on new LiFePO₄ cells. Based on the measured data, a methodology for classifying (tiering) the modules according to their SoH and mutual variability was proposed. The results show that the majority of the tested modules achieve a SoH in the range of approximately 88–93% and are suitable for further use in stationary applications, while significantly degraded modules represent limitations from both operational and economic perspectives. The thesis also includes the design of a small off-grid energy system with a photovoltaic source, together with an indicative economic evaluation using the LCOE metric. The results suggest that, under appropriate operating conditions and low acquisition costs, second-life battery use can be technically feasible and may represent a meaningful complement to recycling from a sustainability perspective.