EU´s Critical Raw Materials Self-Sufficiency

Abstract

This bachelor thesis examines the viability of European Union (EU) self-sufficiency (SS) in Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). It addresses the strategic importance of CRMs, the compatibility of Green Transition (GT) with CRM self-reliance, and the factors influencing domestic mining capacity development. Through an exploratory literature review methodology, the study finds that export restrictions (ER) have had limited impact on CRM supply chain. Comparative analysis of electricity generation technologies reveals that both CRM-intensive and CRM-poor options perform similarly, suggesting that GT implementation may not demand the dramatic increase in CRM consumption. The thesis concludes that large-scale mining expansion within the EU presents the most viable path forward compared to alternative extraction methodologies.