Multikriteriální hodnocení výskytu sociálního vyloučení v zemích střední a východní Evropy

Abstract

The thesis deals with the issue of social exclusion in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia). This topic is one of the key areas of the European Union’s social policy, as it is closely related to poverty and social inequalities. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the development of social exclusion in the period 2015–2024 using the multicriteria decision-making method TOPSIS.

The analysis is based on twelve socio-economic indicators covering the areas of the labour market, income situation and social protection. The TOPSIS method enabled the comparison of individual countries based on their distance from the ideal and the worst alternative.

The results confirm significant differences between the analysed countries, with Central European states achieving more favourable values than countries in the southeastern part of the region. It was also found that the TOPSIS method provides more sensitive evaluation than the AROPE indicator and better captures temporal changes. The analysis further shows that the development of social exclusion is dynamic, with changes occurring in the relative positions of individual countries.

The level of social exclusion is mainly influenced by housing affordability, the effectiveness of social transfers and the situation on the labour market. The results also highlight differences between more developed and less developed economies and confirm the need for a differentiated approach to economic and social policy.