Politická migrace do vybraných zemí Evropské unie

Abstract

Bachelor thesis deals with issues of international migration. First it concentrates on theoretical bases, on the definition of migration, types, categories of migrants, selected migratory theories and, in particular, migration determinants. The second part deals with migration policy, namely the influence of the sending and receiving countries and the asylum policy. In the last part, is political migration to the European Union, witch has been spread since the 1990s, when it was found that the number of asylum seekers copied significant events such as the break-up of the former Yugoslavia and the Arab Spring. The work is also focused on the structure of political migration to Germany, Sweden, France and Poland. It was found that Germany is the most frequent target country for asylum seekers. Among the applicants, men of 18-34, and the most common source countries are Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. In Sweden, the structure of migration is very similar to that in Germany, but it differs from the number of applications, since Sweden is a significantly smaller country. In France, a very diverse nationality of asylum seekers has been identified. The most numerous were the Sudanese group, but only 7 % of all requests. In France, there is a slight annual growth, regardless of the political situation. Poland is below the average in terms of the number of asylum applications, there are over 80 % of applications from Russia and Ukraine. Since 2012, the most numerous group of applicants are children aged 0-13 years.