The future of sustainable agriculture: A review of IOT and autonomous control in vertical hydroponic farming

Abstract

By 2050, the global population is ex- pected to exceed 9.7 billion, increasing the demand for food production. Vertical hydroponic (VHF) systems, which enable hydroponically growing plants in space- constrained situations emerge as a promising solution to these difficulties. To address the limitations of tra- ditional farming methods and the challenges faced in VHF, such as manual monitoring and inefficient re- source utilization, this survey paper examines how IoT and ACS are integrated into VHF to enhance crop management. It discusses the advantages of this in- tegration, including real-time monitoring, automation, and improved environmental control. Examples of IoT- ACS implementations in VHF, such as automated nu- trient dosing systems and real-time root monitoring, are provided to illustrate the diverse applications of these technologies. This paper also presents the chal- lenges such as connectivity issues and sensor calibra- tion must be addressed for successful implementation. Finally, this article demonstrates how IoT and ACS have the potential to change agriculture and handle the growing demand for food production in a sustainable manner.