Studium pojivových schopností tuhých zbytků po spalování odpadů

Abstract

Growing problems with the acquisition of natural raw materials and energy, the growing social importance of environmental protection and the development of a new technological processes have caused that the original tendency of manufacturers has changed, to dispose of wastes as worthless substances. From the point of view of environmental protection, it can be stated that combustion is one of the safe ways of disposal of municipal and hazardous waste and for many types of waste it is the only way of its safe disposal. Several types of secondary solid waste arise in thermal waste disposal, which must be safely deposited or reprocessed. The main environmental impacts are associated with their management, handling and use. Given the situation, that the composition of secondary solid residues is very diverse, an assessment of their hazardous properties is needed. The ash / slag contains relatively high values of heavy metal oxides, which may pose a significant risk of leaching when improperly deposited in landfills. Another solid fraction after waste incineration is fly ash, which is more dangerous than slag / ash. Currently, there is an intensive search for new possibilities for the use of solid residues for waste incineration. Emphasis is placed on the process of their preliminary adjustment in the preparation. Appropriate procedures can minimize cases misuse. Samples of solid residues after incineration of waste from hazardous and municipal waste incinerators in the Czech Republic were selected for the experimental part of the thesis. Their ability to form a compact unit with or without conventional inorganic binder has been examined. The interest in exploring the binding properties of these substances is based on the requirement to immobilize their toxic components. The result should be a compact material whose water leachate allows safe storage of these often hazardous wastes.