Genderová mzdová mezera a diskriminace v Číně

Abstract

The doctoral dissertation studies the determinants of the full-time employee wage for rural-urban migrants and urban residents in the Chinese labour market. It examines the difference in the gender wage gap between these two. The doctoral dissertation employs the extended Mincer Earnings Function and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to undertake an empirical analysis based on three cross-sectional data from the Chinese Household Income Project in 2003, 2008, and 2014. The results state that the difference in wages between men and women has widened in the Chinese labour market since 2002. In comparison, the gender wage gap of rural-urban migrants is bigger. Migrating women workers suffer more unfair treatment in regards to wages. The average wage of urban residents is higher than that of rural-urban migrants. Education can increase workers’ wages, with educational investment being more effective in increasing the wages of urban residents in particular. Also, the regional differences in worker wages are obvious. In addition, employment in large companies or monopoly industries, as well as in formal employment, increases workers’ income. The results of the wage decomposition report that the explained part of the gender wage gap has declined for both migrating and local workers since 2002. Furthermore, the size of the gender wage gap for those two groups is different. Gender discrimination in wages was much worse in the sub-labour market of rural-urban migrants in China between 2002 and 2013. Education and formal employment cut income inequality and gender discrimination in China. The government should recognise the difference between these two sub-labour markets. Due to the different labour structures and worker wage determination in these two sub-labour markets, the government needs to have various and precise labour policies to improve wage equality. In the long run, reducing market access barriers and promoting the two sub-labour markets' integration, as well as adopting active labour protection policies, will cut wage differences between groups in China.