Nízkoteplotní degradace sorpčních materiálů znečištěných oleji se sklonem k samovznícení

Abstract

Spontaneous combustion is the cause of many fires with serious consequences. It occurs in a variety of materials and understanding of this phenomenon is complicated by the fact that not only enough material susceptible to spontaneous combustion must be presented, but also must be created conditions in which heat accumulation occurs. For liquid substances the spontaneous combustion occurs only after their application to a solid support of fibrous or powder nature, that ensures higher availability of oxygen molecules to the surface. One of the groups of liquids that tend to spontaneous heating is vegetable oils. The amount of used vegetable oils is currently increasing, because it serves as a raw material substitute petroleum hydrocarbons. With the increasing number of industrial raw materials used, the higher the risk of fire. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the tendency of oils to spontaneous heating and study the conditions effect on the rise of spontaneous heating using appropriate methods. Three methods were chosen - Differential Mackey test, iodine number and thermal analysis, which have been assessed for suitability for this purpose. In this dissertation was carried out construction of apparatus for the method Differential Mackey test, the verification and comparison of results obtained with other methods. There were also evaluated various oil and the effect of temperature and type of solid support to their self-heating. The study of experimental methods and the interpretation of their results are a contribution to improve safety because they allow the risk assessment of evaluated materials and take appropriate precautions.