GeoScience Engineering. 2019, vol. 65

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/134876

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Now showing 1 - 20 out of 26 results

Comparative analysis of the gas sector in Ukraine and the Czech republic
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Boiko, Oleksandr; Kunz, Antonín; Klempa, Martin; Bujok, Petr
In most countries, the gas sector is one of the sectors that have a significant impact on the state energy security. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and after the changes of communist rule, the Czech Republic as well as Ukraine began their own battle for energy independence. After political and economic revolution, there was a long and difficult journey which had both positive and negative consequences for the development of the countries. Natural gas consumption in Ukraine amounted to almost 114.95 billion cubic meters in 1991, while in the Czech Republic it was near 5.9 billion cubic meters. [2,4] Accordingly, gas consumption per person reached circa 2.2 thousand cubic meters per year in Ukraine, and 0.57 thousand cubic meters per year in the Czech Republic. Currently, Ukraine has a significant advantage in gas reserves and capacity of underground gas storages. According to the official data, the total gas reserves in Ukraine are about 1050 billion cubic meters, while in the Czech Republic only 4.73 billion cubic meters
Quantification of suspended solid transport in Endja watercourse [Dehamecha basin-Algeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Tamrabet, Zineb; Marouf, Nadir; Remini, Boualem
The Dehamecha watershed is one of the most degraded basins in Algeria. This basin suffers from strong water erosion, especially during floods, where sediments are transported by the Endja watercourse draining it and depositing them in Beni-Haroun dam. Based on data series provided by the National Water Resources Agency of Constantine concerning the Tassadane gauging station, a correlation is made between two data pairs: suspended material concentrations and liquid flow C-Q l, solid flow and liquid flow Q s -Q l On a monthly scale, the exponential model is the most suitable for the first correlation and the power model for the second one. Based on these two mathematical models, the quantitative estimation is obtained by identifying the average specific erosion rate over a 30 years’ period, which exceeded 1000 tons / km2.year. The extreme events (floods) have a predominant role in the export of large sediment volumes
Elaboration and properties of fly ash based microfiltration membrane support
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Thomasová, Barbora; Thomas, Jan; Gembalová, Lucie; Mališ, Jiří
The main aim of this work was to prepare a ceramic membrane support applied directly to microfiltration of industrial wastewater using a simple and cheap method. Microfiltration (MF) supports were prepared using fly ash as a dominant material and by addition of natural inorganic materials kaolin and claystone. These powders were mixed with alkali solution in order to prepare paste suitable for extrusion. The extruded tubes dried at room temperature and sintered at 1000°C showed great chemical resistance. Their morphology was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and showed a homogeneous porous structure without any cracks. The average pore size distribution of the tubes was about 2 μm and pore volume was 33%. Fabricated MF membrane supports were tested using the cross-flow microfiltration process. Results with distilled water showed permeability of 680 l/h m 2 bar that is comparable with commercial ones
Relief relics of historical mining near Ľubietová (central Slovakia) – possibilities for montanistic (mining) research using airborne laser scanning (LIDAR)
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Hronček, Pavel; Weis, Karol; Tometzová, Dana; Jesenský, Miloš
The study deals with the history of Cu (±Ag)-and locally Fe-ore mining in the locality Peklo near Ľubietová in central Slovakia. The emphasis is on the evidence of mining in the local landscape relief during the period of 16th to the 19th century. Anthropogenic landscape changes were examined on the basis of written archival documents, cartographic sources and field research. An important part of the investigation was the use of data obtained from aerial laser scanning (LIDAR) to research mining anthropogenic relics in the contemporary landscape. The study deals with the identification of these shapes in situ, their morphological and morphometric properties. The conclusion points to the positives, but also the negatives of the methodical use of LIDAR data in the mining research of historical relief relics
Mechanical properties of granulite from Horní Bory in Bohemian massif
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Havlíčková, Dagmar; Závacký, Martin; Krmíček, Lukáš; Blümel, Manfred; Rozsypalová, Iva
Granulite represents one of the favourite rock types for the construction of an underground nuclear waste repository in the Czech Republic. Granulite from the Bohemian Massif (locality Horní Bory) was investigated in this study, with a special focus on the evaluation of the rock anisotropy. Investigated rock represents typical fine-grained foliated felsic granulite with principal mineral association: quartz + feldspar (K-feldspar > plag ioclase) + garnet + biotite + kyanite and/or sillimanite. Anisotropy was identified in the rock fabric both at macroscopic and microscopic scale. During the laboratory testing, granulite reached considerable high uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) - up to 240 MPa; and brittle type (Class II) of failure occurred. We found that variability of the UCS and Young's modulus were relatively low. On the other hand, variability of the Poisson's ratio and the constants in Hoek-Brown failure criterion in triaxial loading were significantly high
System for prediction of carboxyhemoglobin levels as an indicator for on-time installation of self-contained self-rescuers in case of fire in underground mines
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Adjiski, Vancho; Despodov, Zoran; Serafimovski, Dalibor; Mijalkovski, Stojance
Accidents associated with fires and exposure to toxic gases are one of the main causes of injury and death in underground mines. This kind of accidents requires implementation of systems and approaches to tighten and promote underground mine safety. This paper introduces a system for real-time monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) for prediction of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in human blood for an early-warning platform and indicator for on-time installation of self-contained self-rescuer (SCSR) device in case of fire in underground mines. The proposed system seamlessly integrates monitoring and analyzing approaches using Arduino, sensor board and smartphone with a specially developed app with Coburn, Forster, Kane (CFK) model for the prediction of COHb (%). This system is designed to predict the COHb (%) formation and also alert and identify the safety limit for on-time installation of SCSR in which the user is still not affected by the clinical symptoms of CO inhalation. The idea for this paper derived from the Sago mine explosion report from which confusion and insufficient training are identified about when to install the SCSR. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a prototype system with an open source and cost-effective platform for solving the problems associated with on-time installation of SCSR, on which the process for effective evacuation in case of fire scenario in underground mines depends
AWK and GNU Octave programming languages integrated with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for geomorphological analysis
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Lemenkova, Poline
The paper presents a sequential use of the AWK and GNU Octave programming languages integrated with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for geospatial data analysis. The geographic scope of the research is focused on the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, north Pacific Ocean. Practical research aim is to analyse and compare bathymetry in the southern and northern part of the trench using digitized cross-section profiles. The initial mapping and geospatial analysis was performed in GMT scripting toolset. The GMT was used for cartographic mapping based on the raster ETOPO1 grid and automatic digitizing of the profiles crossing the trench perpendicularly. Besides visualized map, the processed geodata were received in a numerical form as a complex multi-field table for each segment. These tables were generated by the GMT in its native format and could not be directly processed by the MATLAB/Octave. Therefore, the tables were exported to AWK, a data-driven programming language and a powerful tool for data extraction. The table was then restructured, sorted and reshaped by the AWK script. Because the total amount of profiles overstepped 100 (62 and 52 for the northern and southern trench segments), only selected profiles were visualized. For this purpose, at the next step the modified tables were converted to GNU Octave language for visualizing and plotting selected profiles. Finally, the geomorphology was analysed and two segments compared. The results show that the southern part has deeper bathymetric values, vary in geomorphic structure and has steeper gradient slopes comparing to the north, which is caused by the seismicity, volcanism, geologic and tectonic settings. Three full scripts of GMT, AWK and GNU Octave programming languages are presented for replicability in the Appendix
Use of the BIOLOG system to species identify microorganisms from mined-out sites
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Boturová, Kateřina; Vojtková, Hana
Poproč post-mining area in Slovakia is an old environmental burden which has been contaminated by toxic metals and semi-metals, predominantly arsenic and antimony, in connection with the extraction of antimony ores. Nowadays, revitalization work is undergoing in the closed mine with three adjacent sludge lagoons. The outcomes deal with anthropogenic manifestations of mining in-situ and their influences on microbes. Using the BIOLOG test system we identified representatives of indigenous microbes, whose adaptation to high levels of toxic metals and semi-metals are one of the main bioindicators of the state of the post-mining environment and a basic indicator of the evolution of effects on organisms of a higher ecological level. The analyses of microbial diversity in Poproč found the strain of Firmicutes to be the most abundant, with the highest diversity in the genus Bacillus. Based on the biochemical tests, the Bacillus genus was confirmed to be highly adaptable to the change in biogeochemical conditions in metal-contaminated substrates. The variable parameters of the identified representatives of the Bacillus genus correspond to its high diversity, which has been confirmed by a set of oxidative and assimilation tests.
BIM and forecasting deformations in monitoring structures
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Mogiľny, Sergej; Sholomitskii, Andrei; Lagutina, Elena
BIM technologies are becoming more widely used, mainly in the design and operation of buildings and structures, and in most cases this is enough for trouble-free operation. Nevertheless, there is a category of buildings for which the monitoring of the technical condition should be an integral part of the construction and operation. These are the so-called public large-span structures. Unfortunately, the development of BIM technology in the Russian Federation is not at such a level as to answer questions about the behaviour of objects under changing environmental conditions and reveal hidden patterns in the monitoring data. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the authors reviewed various methods for identifying hidden patterns in geodetic measurement data when monitoring buildings and structures. It is noted that modern analysis methods are based on statistical processing of measurement results and on the statistical method of forecasting. However, there are attempts to apply models that take into account the design features and the temperature regime of the object. This type includes the two proposed models, which are used to model the three-dimensional coordinates of the strain marks in the 3D model and only the elevations of the marks in the 1-Z model. The article presents the rationale for the simulated geometric elements and properties of the object. The solution of the equations of both models and the analysis of the results and parameters of the model for measurement epochs are shown. The simulation is shown on the example of a real object, which was monitored by the authors in 2015-2016. The authors believe that the monitoring of large-span structures and the search for patterns of their behaviour should be an integral part of the BIM system for such structures.
Experience with light dynamic penetration in a landslide locality
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Široký, Tomáš; Šancer, Jindřich
Because of vital prevention and redevelopment measures in problem localities affected by slope instability, geotechnical investigations must be carried out. One of the applicable methods is Light Dynamic Penetration (LDP). Although it was designed for easy field investigations in planning line structures to identify parameters, such load bearing capacity, and compactness, its use proves to be much wider. Using LDP it is possible to detect the interfaces between the discrete layers, potential slip surfaces, or groundwater level. However, it is important to note that the results of LDP are always related to one point only and to investigate a whole area, a complementary survey is needed. In the paper we report research where we used a geophysical method of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to validate the results rendered by Light Dynamic Penetration in a redeveloped post-mining locality characteristic of landslides. The results of both measurement methods were unified for better interpretation and clarification to find out whether LDP is suitable to investigate a landslide locality. It shows that LDP provides relevant information on the massif structure in a given locality, but as opposed to other geophysical methods LDP informs only about one point only. The authors thus recommend carrying out surveys in landslide areas combining LDP and ERT as complementary measurements of groundwater level in the openings made using LDP. Mutually combining these two methods, it is possible to obtain a number of valuable information on landslide conditions (depth and course of shear plane, groundwater level, structure of layers, etc.) and physical-mechanical properties of soils.
Social participation in the aspect of a smart city development
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Kocur-Bera, Katarzyna
Advanced technologies are entering citizens’ lives, which can be noticed at every turn. Society is becoming increasingly involved in building, creating and planning a city, district or the nearest place of residence. The quality of the functioning of the local community and the quality of life depend, to a large extent, on the level of social participation. The aim of social participation is to establish a mechanism for meeting citizens’ needs, and to achieve citizens’ acceptance of the authorities’ actions. Modern communication techniques greatly facilitate the expression of public opinion and public awareness in this regard has been on the rise. A growing number of new forms of communication using modern technologies are being developed all the time. The aim of the study is to analyse the forms of social participation in the city life, inter alia spending financial resources on its development. Attention is also drawn to the most recent ways in which the authorities communicate with the public in order for the latter to express their opinions on the former’s actions. Practical research was conducted for the city of Olsztyn located in the north-eastern part of Poland. Social activity forms were analysed, including those carried out using ICT technologies. The research shows that access to modern technologies facilitates contact between the city authorities and citizens, which ensures that the policy under implementation is kept in line with citizens’ expectations.
Investigating electrical response to water saturation of Agbada sandstone in an x-field Niger delta, Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Ugbena, Kelvins Godfrey; Nwankwo, Cyril N.; Omali, Aurelius O.
In an attempt to characterize a reservoir in a field, importance is given to living models as it serves critical function in estimating if the reservoir under study is economically viable. Having a good knowledge of electrical response to reservoir rocks is important in characterizing and modeling the behavior of fluids at the subsurface. In this study, core plugs extracted from core barrels in a Niger Delta oil field were analyzed in the laboratory in order to determine the electrical properties of the samples and their relationship with each other and formation fluid. This was achieved by using a brine of a known concentration for simulation of core plugs. Results obtained show that for the unconsolidated sandstone, Formation resistivity factor increases with increase in confining pressure. This characteristic depends on the porosity of the Formation and type of fluid present. Resistivity values in a reservoir will increase with increase in capillary pressure and decrease with water saturation. Decrease in cementation exponent increases the rate of permeability in reservoir sand. However, resistivity values decrease with clay presence in reservoir sand.
The storage capacity of underground gas storages in the Czech republic
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Klempa, Martin; Ryba, Jakub; Bujok, Petr
Sources of natural gas are in most cases located in remote areas far from the places where the gas is utilized, i.e. especially developed industrial countries to which it is transported via pipeline. However, transit gas pipelines, which are transporting extracted gas to the consumers, have a relatively limited peak capacity, the transit supplies essentially have a stable character and are not able to cover increased seasonal or peak demands for gas in gas distribution networks. The solution of this problem is the main task for underground gas storages (UGS) that through the operative regulation maintain stability and reliability of the entire gas system. This article provides a general list of options that can increase the storage capacity of natural gas in underground gas storages and focuses on factors that influence the options of an individual UGS.
Load sediments quantification in Algerian North-West basins by ANN (Artificial Neurons Network) method
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Hafied, Yacine; Marouf, Nadir; Bouziane, Mohamed Tewfik; Remini, Boualem; Shiynkaruk, Lubomir
Due to the complexity of basins morphometric parameters and the hydroclimatic irregularity of the semi-arid regions of North Africa, solid transport has been still far from being clearly assessed. This study attempts to shed light on this problem; in order to conceive a global model for the suspended sediment load quantification, taking into account all stream waters of the North-West area of Algerian. The calculation is based on the use of the ANN artificial neurons network method, which has proven its success and its reliability in several fields of research. The collected data are measured in hydrometric stations of several basins, such as Cheliff, Tafna, Macta, and Oran’s basins. The results obtained using the ANN method are sufficiently reliable, the best correlations were obtained for each studied stream water exceeding 97% (specific model to each station), and 90% in the case of a global model characterizing for all studied stations, which allows the extracted model to give better estimation of the suspended solid flow rates for any measured liquid flow rate of the north-west Algerian basins.
Concept of leak tightness monitoring at underground gas storage
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Horáková, Markéta; Ryba, Jakub; Roček, Erik
The most important part of the operation of each underground gas storage facility is the implementation of a regular monitoring system for leak tightness monitoring. This article deals with the design of a proposal leak tightness monitoring concept in underground gas storage in porous reservoirs (depleted gas/oil reservoirs, aquifer reservoirs). This concept interconnects all commonly used and established leak tightness monitoring methodologies and evaluates them in time with comparison with historical results with reference to possible solutions or implementation of remedial measures
The sharing of flood waters in the Ksours of Ghardaia and Berriane (Algeria) hydraulic study
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Khelifa, Ali; Remini, Boualem
The present article deals with two systems of sharing flood waters used in the oases of Ghardaïa and Berriane. Based on bibliographic work, and data collection and investigations performed during the period between 2006 and 2018 near the Ksourian population as the floods are the only source of water for both oases. Ancestral hydraulic systems of sharing and regularizing floods were implemented in both oases. Each hydraulic system is composed of several hydraulic structures (e.g. dams, spillways, galleries, wells) that have been designed taking into considerations the geomorphology and topography of the region. This study compares the two systems and proves that although built 7 centuries ago, both the systems were built with intelligence. They have become parts of the national heritage and must be preserved for future generations.
Smart green infrastructure in a smart city – the case study of ecosystem services evaluation in Krakow based on i-Tree Evo software
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Siedlarczyk, Ewa; Winczek, Monika; Zięba-Kulawik, Karolina; Wężyk, Piotr
It is a common perception that urban greenery does not bring any rational benefits, while profits from real estates are obvious. Therefore, the cities green infrastructure (urban forests, parks, trees, lawns, meadows, etc.) are constantly threatened with housing and development. However, urban greenery plays a substantial role in improving the quality of urbanites’ life, which is particularly significant in terms of predicted 70% urbanization rate by 2050. Healthy and well managed city green infrastructure can improve air quality, remove particulate matters (PM) and CO2 sequestrate carbon, cool down temperature or protect against winds. These functions of vegetation are known as ecosystem services (ES). Recognizing the value of ES provided by green infrastructure is crucial for urban planning and management in terms of assuring sustainable urban development. In our study we used the i-Tree Eco (USDA Forest Service) software, which quantifies vegetation structure, environmental effects and values of ES. The i-Tree Eco model is based on air pollution and local meteorological data along with the field data from inventory of city vegetation. Requiring easy to collect (e.g. based on LiDAR 3D point clouds) input data and having user-friendly interface, the i-Tree Eco has a potential of becoming a very useful tool for planners and managers in their everyday work. In this paper we present a case study of ES evaluation for the “Krakowski Park” in Krakow (582 trees on 4.77 hectares, with domination of Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus laevis and Betula pendula). For the analysed 2015 year, the Krakowski Park trees stored in total 441.59 t of carbon, removed 184 kg of air pollutants and contributed to 220 m3 of avoided runoff. Total value of ecosystem services provided by the Krakowski Park in year 2015 was EUR 5.096 (EUR 8.76 tree/year). In our further work we intend to expand the ES evaluation on other green areas in Krakow and on a wider range of ES.
Petrophysical and rock physics analyses for characterization of complex sands in deepwater Niger delta, Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Oladele, Sunday; Salami, Rotimi; Adeyemi, Olatunde B.
Characterization of complex sand reservoirs in deepwater of Niger Delta was carried out through petrophysical and rock physics evaluation of well log data from three wells. Petrophysical analysis to determine clay volume, porosity, lithologies and hydrocarbon saturation were made. Rock physics was studied in velocity-porosity plane to analyze the influence of depositional and diagenetic features on the reservoirs. Cross-plots of different elastic parameters, using linear regression and cluster analysis, were generated for lithologic and fluid fill identification and to differentiate between the hydrocarbon bearing sands, brine sands and shale. Variance attribute was extracted on seismic time slice in order to image the complex sand distribution in the area. Three reservoirs of turbidite origin were identified within the upper fan to lower fan area. Petrophysical results revealed gas bearing reservoir units with less than 20% shale volume and porosity of 25-31%. Lambda-Mu-Rho (LMR) cross-plots for the reservoirs show gas saturated data cloud and trend. Ratio-Difference (R-D) cluster analysis of elastic rock properties shows a distinct trend and data cloud that represents lithofacies units and fluid fills. The study concludes that the reservoirs simulated contact cement and friable models with properties that ranged from highly porous, well sorted and poorly consolidated sand to fairly sorted and highly cemented sands. The results provide a model that increases the possibility of finding reservoir sand, while mitigating the risk involved in finding hydrocarbons.
Possibilities of 3D machining of materials by abrasive water jets
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Raška, Jan; Tyč, Martin; Štefek, Adam; Hlaváč, Libor
Machining of materials through classical way, i.e. using conventional tools for turning, drilling, milling, grinding and polishing, has some limits that can be overcome applying an abrasive water jet (AWJ). Therefore, some possibilities of 3D machining by AWJ placed on 6 axes robot have been tested. Programming of traverse speeds and tilting angles of cutting head was based on Hlaváč’s theoretical model. Low pressure pump has been used for tests. Because of very low pumping pressure, a selfdesigned and manufactured special mixing chamber was used in the experiments. The article deals with preliminary results and points at the direction of further research.
Use of Rock Mass Rating (RMR) values for support designs of tunnels excavated in soft rocks without squeezing problem
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2019) Komurlu, Eren; Demir, Serhat
Effect of the rock material strength on the RMR value and tunnel support designs were investigated within this study including site works, analytical and numerical analyses. It was found that rock material strength effect is quite limited in the RMR method to determine an accurate rock mass class to design tunnel support. Since the limitation, rock mass classes are evaluated to be usually misleading and supports designed in accordance with the RMR value are insufficient for tunnels excavated in rock masses with low strength values of rock materials. Totally, five different tunnels in Turkey have been supported using a new strength adjustment factor calculated in consideration of the in-situ stress and the uniaxial compressive strength values of rock materials. As confirmed by the field applications, analytical and numerical analyses, a newly modified RMR value (RMRus) was suggested to be used in tunnel support design works.

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