Řada bezpečnostní inženýrství. 2016, roč. 11 / Safety Engineering Series. 2016, vol. 11

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/111969

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Now showing 1 - 17 out of 17 results

Using of non-destructive test of accoustic emission for prolonging the operation life of composite pressure cylinders
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Cáb, Zdeněk
Financial crisis in the years 2008 to 2013 had a negative effects also in a state administration, and as well in a purchase, renewing and services of technical means of fire protection. Under the terms of School educational and vocational establishment of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech republic (FRS CR), center in Frydek - Mistek, this condition was fully displayed at the FRS CR at the state of composite pressure cylinders (PCs), that are from the point of view of operation of the breathing apparatuses, and other technical means such as bags, sealing means, means for works on water, that are inevitable for their operability. In this article prolongation of an operation life of PCs is described, on the basis of supplementary nondestructive acoustic emission testing (AT), that is a part of hydraulic pressure test. In conclusion it is written the state of PCs after the operation life having been prolonged and before their final decommissioning.
Application of business continuity management system into the crisis management field
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Malachová, Hana; Oulehlová, Alena
Establishing business continuity management (BCM) creates the basis of every organization’s strategy. BCM includes complex procedures that help solving unexpected situations of natural and anthropogenic nature (e.g. fire or flood). Planning of the BCM is a process that helps organizations identify critical processes and implement plans for securing and restoring key processes. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of a systemic approach to BCM known as Business Continuity Management System (BCMS) into the military field. This article describes the life cycle of the BCMS, which is based on PDCA cycle. Subsequently it is applied to the activities carried out by the University of Defence during activation of forces and means in the frame of the Integrated Rescue System (IRS) in case of emergency - an accident in a nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic. Activities in various stages of deployment of allocated forces and means are managed and evaluated using the Military Continuity Management System (MCMS) application.
Determination of fire and explosion characteristics of dust
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Menčík, Matej; Kuracina, Richard; Szabová, Zuzana; Balog, Karol
The aim of this paper is to approximate danger of dust clouds normally occur by determining their explosion characteristics. Nowadays, dusty environment is phenomenon in the industry. In general, about 70% of dust produced is explosive. Dust reduction in companies is the main purpose of the national and European legislative. Early identification and characterization of dust in companies may reduce the risk of explosion. It could be used to identify hazards in industrial production where an explosive dust is produced. For this purpose several standards for identification and characterization of explosion characteristics of industrial dust are being used.
Enhanced proactive planning approach: a crucial to an improved workers’ safety in Western Nigeria small scale industry
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Adeyemi, Hezekiah O.; Akinyemi, Olasunkanmi Oriola; Musa, Adekunle Ibrahim; Olorunfemi, B. J.
This study evaluated managements’ proactive planning approach (PPA) to enhance safety among workers in South-western Nigeria small scale industry (SSI). The main objective was to rate the managements’ efforts at eliminating risk among their employees. By worker participatory and psychological survey approach, three tools were used; workplace observation (visual), management safety culture (questionnaire) and managers interviews (oral). The survey included 200 workers, 120 supervisors and 80 managers, in 82 SSI. Four steps to a safety proactive action plans (PAP), (looking for clues, prioritization of identified potential hazard, making improvements to eliminate the risk and follow up), were rated by employees on a scale from 0 to 5. Paired t-test was used to appraise the significant difference between the managers’ mean scores rated by the supervisors and other workers. 77.1% of workers and 64.2% supervisors rated their managers as either “not done at all” or “poorly done”. Workers’ scores for managers PPA had statistically significantly lower ratings (mean = 1.09, SEM = 0.22) compared to that of the supervisors rating (mean = 1.55, SEM = 0.32), with t (14) = −1.185, p = 0.784. There is a closed poor performance perception gaps, of managers’ PPA, of the two groups of employees. It can be concluded that safety is not emphasized, by managers of SSI, as overriding priority and this may have contributed to high reported injuries among their workforce. Courses to enhance managements’ understanding for inclusion of safety among the leading priorities becomes necessary. This will reduce work-related risks and promotes occupational safety and health among the group of workers.
The reaction to fire test for fire retardant and for combustible material
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Fanfarová, Adelaida; Mariš, Ladislav
Currently the natural materials become popular building material for houses, buildings and recreational property. The risk of fires in residential timber construction or eco houses cannot be completely ruled out, therefore there is a need for proper and correct implementing preventive measures and application of all available solutions, which may reduce the risk of fire as far as possible, to slow down the combustion process, to protect the life of people, animals and also the building itself until arrival members of the Fire and Rescue Services. Fireproofing of combustible materials is a specific area of fire protection. For scientific research as well as for real-life practice, not only their structural and physical properties, but also fire-technical characteristics are really important. The present researchers mostly focus on fire-retardant treatment of wood that is why the authors of this contribution focused on a different combustible material. This research article presents the experimental testing and examination of the reaction to fire test of the selected thermal insulation of hemp fiber that was impregnated by the selected fire retardant in laboratory conditions.
Reaction of the female body to stress in a chemical protective clothing
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Slabotinský, Jiří; Bernatíková, Šárka
This article deals with the reaction of the female body to the use of an insulation chemical protective clothing combined with working - thermal and mental stress to which the female is exposed. The article provides a concise overview of protective chemical clothings and factors affecting their comfort; it describes the regularities corresponding to the physiological reaction, important for the body’s reaction to the use of a chemical protective clothing. Further, the article contains a description of the measurement and evaluation of physiological parameters of non-acclimated women during testing of these clothings and, finally, comparison with the results for males under the same stress which is unfavourable for women.
Phytotoxicological tests - applications of foils based on graphene (graphene oxide)
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Roupcová, Petra; Kubátová, Hana; Klouda, Karel; Lepík, Petr
This paper discusses the problematics of phytotoxicity of chemicals. It mainly focuses on the phytotoxicity of nanomaterials made of graphene. It describes phytotoxicological tests performed with foils from materials belonging to the graphene family. It also describes testing the influence of plants on these films. Furthermore, the paper discusses the issues of mutual influence between plants and tested nanomaterials.
Software design to calculate of vibration for a more effective assessment of the safety of the working environment
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Čekan, Pavol; Balog, Karol; Harangozó, Jozef; Rusko, Miroslav
A lot of software that is developed simultaneously with the development of new measuring devices are very difficult to control. The results obtained from the software for measuring the vibration must be adjusted for the respective weighting factors which is very complicated and time consuming. This paper deals with design of software to calculate human exposure to vibration in the working and living environment. Presented software developed at the Institute of Integrated Safety, which counts with all the weighting factors. It allows quick results without after treatment weighting factors. Presented software includes all known methods for calculating the vibration acceleration. It’s based on knowledge of the protection of man and his health against the negative effects of vibration. The measured data are evaluated according to the current legislation of the European Union. Simple layout software doesn’t have a good first impression, but it’s control is very swift and practical. Every reader needs to read about it below.
Structural and implementation issues around the new Nigerian Labour, Safety, Health and Welfare Bill (2012): lessons from UK, USA, Australia and China
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Abubakar, Usman
This paper, which is the Part II of a bipartite series, critically reviews the structural and implementation issues around the new Nigerian Labour, Safety, Health and Welfare (LSHW) Bill (2012). The study uses the vast Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management experiences gained by UK, USA, Australia and China as bases for reviewing the LSHW Bill. The paper identifi es some of the potential OSH management opportunities, challenges and some practical lessons for countries seeking to adopt a more centralised and result oriented OSH regulatory model. Nigeria is used as a reference case study only; most of the recommendations made may be useful to other developing countries.
Approximation of the time to initiate the evacuation of persons at large group events in outdoor environments in case of a fire
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Pokorný, Jiří; Kučera, Petr; Maléřová, Lenka
One of the basic prerequisites for securing the safety of people at large group events is to ensure their evacuation in case of emergencies. This article deals with the approximations of time to initiate the evacuation of persons in case of a fi re at large group events organized in outdoor spaces. The solution is based on the principles of determining the period to initiate the evacuation of persons in terms of international ISO standards. Considering the specifi cities of the given outdoor space and possible related security measures, the article recommends the relevant suffi cient amount of time to initiate an evacuation.
Road transport accidents in Nigeria and the role of automotive active safety system
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Akinyemi, Olasunkanmi Oriola; Adeyemi, Hezekiah O.; Jinadu, Olusegun
Analysis of road traffi c accidents revealed that most accidents are as a result of drivers’ errors. Over the years, active safety systems (ASS) were devised in vehicle to reduce the high level of road accidents, caused by human errors, leading to death and injuries.This study however evaluated the impacts of ASS inclusions into vehicles in Nigeria road transportation network. The objectives was to measure how ASS contributed to making driving safer and enhanced transport safety. Road accident data were collected, for a period of eleven years, from Lagos State Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget, Central Offi ce of Statistics. Quantitative analysis of the retrospective accident was conducted by computing the proportion of yearly number of vehicles involved in road accident to the total number of vehicles for each year. Results of the analysis showed that the proportion of vehicles involved in road accidents decreased from 16 in 1996 to 0.89 in 2006, the injured persons reduced from 15.58 in 1998 to 0.3 in 2006 and the death rate diminished from 4.45 in 1998 to 0.1 in 2006. These represented 94.4 %, 95 % and 95 % improvement respectively on road traffi c safety. It can therefore be concluded that the inclusions of ASS into design of modern vehicles had improved road safety in Nigeria automotive industry.
Changes in structure and content humic substances in soil during the laboratory simulated fires
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Sirotiak, Maroš; Bartošová, Alica
The paper deals with the process of thermal degradation of humic substances in soil samples exposed to increased temperature. To determine the basic properties of humic substances, humic and fulvic acids are used conventional fractionation chemical laboratory methods. To determine changes in the chemical structure, the method of use of FT-IR ATR spectroscopy technique.
The development of special sequentially-timed charges for breaking frozen waterways
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Lichorobiec, Stanislav; Barčová, Karla; Dorazil, Tomáš; Skácel, Radovan; Říha, Ladislav; Červenka, Martin
This article documents the development of the noninvasive use of explosives during the destruction of ice mass in river fl ows. The system of special sequentially-timed charges utilizes the increase in effi ciency of cutting charges by covering them with bags fi lled with water, while simultaneously increasing the effect of the entire system of timed charges. Timing, spatial combinations during placement, and the linking of these charges results in the loosening of ice barriers on a frozen waterway, while at the same time regulating the size of the ice fragments. The developed charges will increase the operability and safety of IRS units.
Ignition activation energy of materials based on polyamide 6
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Rantuch, Peter; Wachter, Igor; Hrušovský, Ivan; Balog, Karol
This contribution is aimed to compare the values of the ignition activation energies of two types of polyamide – Slovamid 6 FRB and Slovamid GF 50 LTS. Samples were isothermally stressed at fi ve different temperatures between 500 °C a 550 °C, while the time to initiation of the fl ame combustion was monitored. Subsequently from the measured times were compiled Arrhenius plots under which activation energy of ignition of both polymers were calculated. The values of activation energies were 106 kJ.mol-1 and 158.0 kJ.mol-1 for Slovamid 6 FRB 4 and Slovamid 6 GF 50 LTS.
Influence of the training in relation to the fire-fighting effectivenessunder to the condition of the indoor fire simulation
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Hora, Jan; Žižka, Jan
Fire Dynamics in a confi ned space is considerably diffi cult. Flashover container enables experimental examining of many of its aspects in controllable conditions. For this reason there is an extensive research in form of large scale tests goes in Zbiroh where large container complex for liquefi ed gas fuel was built. In this time a human factor and its effect on the environment is in the research. Among others the tests were aimed to examining the infl uence of the training on the effi ciency of the intervention under indoor fi re conditions, namely the ability of a fi re-fi ghter affect the thermal fi eld and the thermal radiation in the right direction. The article describes the experiments that were carried out.
Research of effectiveness of „Plamostop“ fire retardand and suitability of testing methods for wood flame retardants evaluating
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Mitrenga, Patrik; Vandlíčková, Miroslava; Hudáková, Martina; Sihelská, Milada
The paper deals with testing of a water-miscible intumescent fi re retardant. Experiments are conducted by thermal analysis (TG/DTG, DSC), cone calorimeter and non-standardized methods for monitoring weight loss when exposed to fl ame burning. Based on the experiment results and other information the most appropriate methods for testing fi re retardants are reviewed. All methods by which experiments have been carried out are described. Our own method for testing fi re retardants was created. It is also evaluated the effectiveness of a representative fi re retardant of wood by all mentioned methods. The result of the experiment is to evaluate the suitability of each method for testing of fi re retardants and evaluation fi re retardant “Plamostop”.
A mathematical approach to estimate the error during calculating the smoke layer height in industrial facilities
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2016) Melcher, Thomas; Krause, Ulrich
Engineering based calculation procedures in fi re safety science often consist of unknown or uncertain input data which are to be estimated by the engineer using appropriate and plausible assumptions. Thereby, errors in this data are induced in the calculation and thus, impact the number as well as the reliability of the results. In this paper a procedure is presented to directly quantify and consider unknown input properties in the process of calculation using distribution functions and Monte-Carlo Simulations. A sensitivity analysis reveals the properties which have a major impact on the calculation reliability. Furthermore, the results are compared to the numerical models of CFAST and FDS.

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