Řada bezpečnostní inženýrství. 2018, roč. 13 / Safety Engineering Series. 2018, vol. 13

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/132741

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Now showing 1 - 14 out of 14 results

Automotive industry in the context of Industry 4.0 strategy
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Sinay, Juraj; Kotlánová, Zuzana
The emergence of cyber-physical systems encourages constant adaptation to the complex requirements of new systems, creating new requirements for businesses that must adapt their activity to change. The automotive industry is the decisive industry and the driving force behind the development of the Slovak economy. Changes that have occurred in the automotive industry are reflected in the high automation of processes, which is reflected in the need to change management, in particular the need for on-line automotive tracking.
Ergonomics as instrument for prevention against work injury or occupational diseases
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Koutný, Petr; Bartlová, Ivana
Ergonomics as complex branch solves work of employee on concrete work place and follows up relationships between human, machine and work environment. Goal of ergonomics is achievement the most appropriate work environment and decreasing of work injuries and occupational diseases probability. This goal will be achievement by implementation of two instruments - process approach which is built on systematic approach and synergy effect of two basic principles technical and human which affect and affect and complement each other. A powerful tool for decreasing of work injuries and occupational diseases probability can be obtained with combination of process approach and synergy effect.
Development of production machines with respect to the human factors
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Kotek, Luboš; Trávníček, Pavel; Tůma, Zdeněk; Novotný, Lubomír
The inappropriate adaptation of the machinery to human properties and abilities may result both in physiological effects on the operator (e.g. muscle skeletal damage) resulting, for example, from inappropriate body posture, excessive or repeated exertion, and also in psycho-physiological effects such as mental overload or insufficient workload or stress, which may occur due to the operation, inspection or maintenance of the machine within the limits of its intended use. Psycho-physiological effects can lead to an increase in operator’s errors, lower safety or quality, thus directly affecting the quality of the production process. For these reasons, the ergonomics needs to be of high importance. The submitted paper describes the use of advanced virtual reality technologies and risk management in machine development.
The Influence of Satisfaction with the Physical Work Environment on Safe Work Behaviour and Cognitive Failure
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Klockner, Karen
This research looked at workers' satisfaction with the work environment, cognitive failures and safe work behaviour. Results indicated that safe work behaviour was positively related to workers’ satisfaction with their physical work environment and negatively related to cognitive failures. There was also a negative relationship between satisfaction with the physical work environment and cognitive failures. This paper contributes to a further understanding of how organisations can enhance safe work behaviour with a view to reducing occupational injuries and safety-related incidents by understanding the infl uence that satisfaction with the physical work environment has on workers.
Infrared Spectrometry Options with ATR Method for Oxidation Evaluation
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Poledník, Jan
Theme Article deals with the use of infrared spectrometry (ATR method) to analyze oxidation, because oxidation plays a role in the self-ignition of oils. As samples were used - sunflower oil, linseed oil. Aim experiment to verify that the infrared spectrometry modified by the ATR method is suitable for the evaluation of the oxidation of liquid substances. Verification of the suitability of the method was performed by comparing the data obtained during the measurement of this experiment with the data verified in other publications. Subsequently, the influence of temperature and time on the oxidation assumed was investigated.
Influencing of Maximum Explosive Parameters of Ignition Energies
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Jankůj, Vojtěch; Bernatík, Aleš
This article deals with maximum explosive parameters of dust-air mixtures and their infl uencing of ignition energies. Pyrotechnic ignitors were mixed and assembled in this experimental measurements. These assembled pyrotechnic ignitors were recorded with high-speed camera. Obtained records were used for describing their behaviour after activation. Pyrotechnic ignitors were modified and then were used for ignition of selected dust-air mixtures in the final stage of this experimental measurements. This test was carried out using an explosion autoclave where the optimal concentration of selected dust-air mixtures was used.
Application of Selected Method for Assessment of Self-heating of Vegetable Oils
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Věžníková, Hana; Skřížovská, Michaela; Filipi, Bohdan
One of the groups of materials that tend to self-combustion is vegetable oils. The amount of used oil used is currently increasing and thus the hazard of fires increases. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the tendency of oils for self-heating to minimize self-combustion. This article deals with assessment of the tendency of vegetable oils to self-combustion using two methods: Differential Mackey test and the method of thermal analysis. These methods evaluate the behaviour of oils during their heating. Thermal analysis using the Mettler-Toledo device was performed for oils without support and oils applied on the inert support. It was found that both methods are suitable for evaluation of the exothermic effect that occurs during oxidation of oils after their application on the solid supports. The obtained results of the analyses are the basis for mutual comparison of both way of measurement. Interpretation of these results is a contribution to increasing of safety during using oils.
New Approach of Assessing Human Errors in Railways
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Hadj-Mabrouk, Habib
Inspired in particular by the works of Reason and Rasmussen and supported by application examples from the field of railway safety, the human error analysis approach proposed to improve the level of safety of rail transport systems involves three complementary levels. The first level of contextual analysis (before the accident) makes it possible to study the various factors favoring the production of the human error at the origin of the accident. The second cognitive level (during the accident) aims to identify the errors related to the human cognitive process involved in a given situation of insecurity. The third level of behavioral analysis (after the accident) focuses on evaluating the consequences of a wrong action in terms of damage to humans, the environment and the human-machine system. This article proposes an original methodological framework for the analysis, classification and evaluation of human errors involved in the safety of rail transport. The key factors taken into account in the analysis concern not only the inappropriate behavior of human operators involved in railway safety and risk management, but also the technical failures of the transport system and the operating and environmental conditions.
Practical Experience“ Related to Crisis Communication During the Oil and Oil Products Shortage
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Harazin, Lukáš; Krulík, Oldřich; Luža, Oldřich; Krulíková, Zuzana
Oil security (not just oil shortages, but many other possible scenarios) are challenges for society, businesses, or government authorities. The public sphere is in a difficult situation: positive and proactive communication can cause a panic reaction to the schema_dspacedb. The same pays for the strategy based on the „relativisation“ of the situation. Based on examples of different „strategies“ in this respect, the authors attempt to summarize their steps to illustrate the „least-bad“ attitude towards this challenge. Individual states are under different conditions, regulatory systems are also different, and the same can be said about the nature of the respective nation.
Calculation of Thermal Radiation Level During a Pool Fire Caused by Leakage of Kerosene from Tanker Wagon at Railway Crossings
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Mišić, Nikola; Zigar, Darko; Božilov, Aca; Pešić, Dušica
The spillages due to collisions related incidents involving the wagon tankers, which carrying hazardous materials (hazmat), can be followed by fires or explosions, presents a severe threat to the safety of residents and nearby buildings. In this study, ALOHA and PHAST was used to evaluate the level of thermal radiation at different distances from the place of accident. Discussed scenario analyze a leakage of kerosene from a tanker wagon, from different opening diameters, where is formed a pool fi re. As an assumption for location of possible accident, parts of the railway where it can be expected a large number of people and vehicles were taken. For study area was chosen city of Niš, Serbia.
Preparation of Material Based on Biochar - MnOx, its Morphology, Thermal Stability and Phytotoxicity
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Roupcová, Petra; Klouda, Karel; Weisheitelová, Markéta; Filipi, Bohdan
By reducing potassium permanganate using various methods (microwave radiation, HCl, ethanol, ascorbic acid) in a biochar environment, we have prepared composites of manganese oxides and biochar as an electrode material for elements or supercapacitors. Once identified, the prepared products were tested for thermal stability and phytotoxicity as a safety parameter in case they get in contact with the natural environment. The publication had also discussed progression of thermal decomposition of the composite. The process was exo-thermal with mutual oxidation-reduction reaction between the manganese oxides and biochar carbon. In the article there are also described the adsorption capabilities of prepared products. The manganese oxide content had also infl uenced the phytotoxicity test results. The biochar itself had stimulating effects on all tested seeds, while composites had shown both stimulating and inhibiting effects, depending on the kind of tested seeds.
Determination of Explosion Characteristics of Sugar Dust Clouds
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Kuracina, Richard; Szabová, Zuzana; Menčík, Matej
A dust explosion occurs when an airborne combustible dust cloud encounters an effective ignition source. The resulting pressure and temperature increase can severely injure people and damage surrounding equipment and buildings, and therefore needs to be prevented or controlled (Taveau, 2016). The article deals with the measurement of maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of sugar dust cloud. The measurements were carried out according to STN EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds, the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to STN EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds and Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds. The sugar dust cloud in the chamber is achieved mechanically. The testing of explosions of sugar dust clouds showed that the maximum value of the pressure was reached at concentrations of 1000 g/m3 and its value is 6,89 bars.
Assessment of Crisis Preparedness Resourcing to Stress Tests
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Maléřová, Lenka; Adamec, Vilém; da Silva Vicente, Romeu; Brumar, Jakub
Crisis preparedness of territorial units, as well as individual elements of their safety systems, can be verifi ed in different ways. In the Czech Republic screening exercises are often used for these purposes. Testing exercises should take place in conditions as similar as possible to the real case scenarios. However, this is often not possible for different reasons (e.g. considerable costs associated to practicing actions). One option is the use of stress tests that are presently used (e.g. nuclear safety). The aim of this article is to highlight and discuss this issue and outline the possible approach to reliable solution.
Vulnerability Assessment of Settlements During Emergencies
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Radosavljevic, Jasmina; Djordvevic, Amelija; Vukadinovic, Ana; Ristic, Dejan
During emergencies which occur as a result of uncontrolled effects of natural disasters, major technical and technological accidents and major epidemics of infectious diseases, the health and life of people and the persistent environmental degradation may be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the vulnerability of the settlements from natural disasters and other accidents. The assessment must be professionally and scientifically established with a multidisciplinary approach. This paper defi nes methodology for vulnerability assessment of given populated areas during emergencies arising from uncontrolled effects of natural and other disasters which involves a complex analysis of actual hazard probabilities and the level of impact on humans, animals, property, cultural wealth, and the environment.

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